Lithophragma maximum

Bacigalupi

Aliso 5: 349, fig. 1. 1963 (as maxima) ,.

Common names: San Clemente Island woodland star
EndemicConservation concern
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 79. Mentioned on page 78.

Plants stout. Flowering-stems simple, 40–60 cm. Leaves in basal rosette and cauline, basal palmately compound, 3-foliolate, cauline 3-lobed, reduced distally, similar to basal; stipules narrow, decurrent on petiole base, (margins laciniate); petiole to 15 cm; blade light to dark green, rhombic, (base cuneate), surfaces sparsely to moderately stipitate-glandular. Inflorescences 2 (–3), erect, 6–25-flowered racemes, simple, (9–10 cm). Pedicels shorter than hypanthium. Flowers persistent, fragrant, horizontal; hypanthium spheric or campanulate, open at throat, (6 mm at anthesis, 8 mm in fruit); sepals erect, triangular; petals spreading, white, ovate, narrowly clawed, deeply lobed, 3.5–4.5 mm, ultimate margins irregularly toothed; ovary 1/2 inferior; styles exserted in fruit; stigma papillae apical. Seeds 0.3–0.4 mm, tuberculate (tubercles spinelike).


Phenology: Flowering Mar–Apr.
Habitat: Steep, north- or northwest-facing slopes in deeply incised canyon on moist, humus-rich soil, sometimes on rocky ledges of grassy slopes
Elevation: 100-400 m

Discussion

Of conservation concern.

Lithophragma maximum is known from southeastern canyons on San Clemente Island (Channel Islands). In the late twentieth century, only 11 populations of approximately 200 plants were reported. It is rare and seriously endangered in California, and is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"entire" is not a number.

... more about "Lithophragma maximum"
epigynous +, perigynous +  and hypogynous +
acute +  and obtuse +
Roy L. Taylor +
Bacigalupi +
cuneate +, rounded +, hastate +  and cordate +
light +  and dark green +
dentate +, serrate +  and entire +
glandular-ciliate +  and ciliate +
rhombic +
3-carpellate +  and 2-carpellate +
lobed +  and unlobed +
San Clemente Island woodland star +
ebracteate +, bracteate +  and 2-300(-1000+)-flowered +
100-400 m +
persistent +
fragrant +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br /> (60 cm600 mm <br />0.6 m <br />) +
2-3(-4)-beaked +  and folliclelike +
Steep, north- or northwest-facing slopes in deeply incised canyon on moist, humus-rich soil, sometimes on rocky ledges of grassy slopes +
multicellular +
free +  and adnate +
campanulate +  and spheric +
2-12(-25)-flowered +
3-foliolate +  and compound +
opposite +  and alternate +
basal +  and cauline +
3-lobed +
reduced +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
crassinucellate +, unitegmic +  and bitegmic +
epigynous +, perigynous +  and hypogynous +
distinct +
lobed +, clawed +  and ovate +
0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br /> (0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br />) +
peltate +  and jointed +
stipitate-glandular +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
Flowering Mar–Apr. +
unequal +
simple +  and 6-25-flowered +
spiny +  and ribbed +
dark-brown +
straight +
tuberculate +
0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br /> (0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br />) +
green tinged with red +
distinct +
triangular +
Endemic +  and Conservation concern +
unbranched +  and branched +
persistent +
horizontal +  and erect +
decurrent +
connate +  and distinct +
stipitate-glandular +
Lithophragma maximum +
Lithophragma +
species +
not stoloniferous +  and rhizomatous +
annual +, biennial +  and perennial +