Malus coronaria

(Linnaeus) Miller

Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Malus no. 2. 1768.

Common names: American or sweet or fragrant crabapple garland tree
Endemic
Basionym: Pyrus coronaria Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 480. 1753
Synonyms: Malus angustifolia var. puberula (Rehder) Rehder M. bracteata Rehder M. carolinensis Ashe M. coronaria var. bracteata (Rehder) Likhonos M. coronaria var. dasycalyx Rehder M. coronaria var. elongata (Rehder) Rehder M. coronaria var. glabrata (Rehder) Likhonos M. coronaria var. glaucescens (Rehder) Likhonos M. coronaria var. hoopesii Rehder M. coronaria var. lancifolia (Rehder) C. F. Reed M. coronaria var. platycarpa (Rehder) Likhonos M. coronaria var. plena C. K. Schneider M. coronaria var. puberula Rehder M. elongata M. fragrans M. glabrata M. glaucescens M. lancifolia M. platycarpa P. bracteata P. coronaria var. dasycalyx (Rehder) Fernald P. coronaria var. elongata (Rehder) L. H. Bailey P. coronaria var. lancifolia (Rehder) Fernald
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 475. Mentioned on page 473, 474, 476.

Trees, sometimes shrubs, 25–75 (–100) dm. Stems 1–45 cm diam.; bark reddish-brown to gray, longitudinally fissured with platelike scales; young branches reddish-brown to dark-brown, with orange lenticels, pubescent, glabrescent; flowering shoots becoming spurs or spiny thorns, (10–) 20–40 (–100) mm. Buds reddish-brown, ovoid, 1–6 mm, scale margins tomentose. Leaves conduplicate in bud; heteromorphic; stipules deciduous, linear-lanceolate, (3–) 4–6 (–7) mm, apex acuminate; vigorous shoot leaves: petiole (7–) 10–25 (–30) mm, glabrous or villous, sometimes puberulent; blade ovate or triangular-ovate, sometimes lanceolate, (2.5–) 4–8 (–10) × (1.5–) 4–6 (–8) cm, base rounded or cordate-rounded, sometimes cuneate, margins ± lobed, sometimes unlobed, serrate, sometimes doubly serrate or crenate-serrate, apex broadly acute or acute, sometimes rounded, apiculate, abaxial surface glabrous (villous only on veins), adaxial glabrous; flowering shoot leaves: petiole 5–15 (–25) mm, glabrous or villous; blade ovate, triangular-ovate, or lanceolate, sometimes oval or elliptic, (15–) 20–60 (–85) × (10–) 15–45 (–60) mm, base rounded or cordate, sometimes cuneate-rounded or cuneate, margins lobed or unlobed, serrate, sometimes crenate-serrate, doubly serrate, or entire, apex acute or broadly acute (rounded with point or rounded), abaxial surface glabrous (veins villous), adaxial glabrous. Panicles corymblike; peduncles absent; bracteoles sometimes persistent, filiform, 3–5 (–10) mm. Pedicels (10–) 20–30 (–40) mm, glabrous, sometimes villous. Flowers 25–40 mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous, sometimes puberulent; sepals triangular, (3–) 4–6 (–7) mm, equal to slightly longer than tube, apex acute or acuminate, abaxial surface glabrous, sometimes glabrescent, adaxial hoary-tomentose; petals pink, sometimes fading white, oblong-obovate, ovate, or oblong, (11–) 12–18 (–20) mm, claws (2–) 3–4 mm, margins entire, sinuate, or fimbriate, apex rounded; stamens 20, (8–) 10–13 (–14) mm, anthers pink, rose, salmon, or purple before dehiscence; styles 5, connate basally, (8–) 10–12 (–16) mm, equal to or slightly longer than stamens, villous in proximal 1/2. Pomes green or yellow-green, depressed-globose, 15–30 (–55) mm diam., cores not enclosed at apex; sepals persistent, erect; sclereids abundant surrounding core. Seeds dark-brown. 2n = 34, 51, 68.


Phenology: Flowering (Apr–)May(–Jun); fruiting Sep–Oct.
Habitat: Open woods, forest edges, thickets, stream banks, fields, fencerows, roadsides
Elevation: 50–1000 m

Distribution

V9 801-distribution-map.jpg

Ont., Ala., Ark., Del., D.C., Ga., Ill., Ind., Kans., Ky., La., Md., Mich., Mo., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., S.C., Tenn., Va., W.Va., Wis.

Discussion

Leaves of Malus coronaria are variable in shape and lobing, leading Rehder in the early 1900s to recognize a number of eastern taxa. For examples, M. lancifolia was described as having ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate leaves; M. glabrata and M. glaucescens were described as having triangular-ovate or ovate leaves that are distinctly lobed. Specimens with relatively large fruit and only slightly lobed leaves were named M. platycarpa.

Double-flowered forms have been found in nature and selected for cultivation: forma charlottae Rehder and forma nieuwlandiana A. D. Slavin.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Malus coronaria"
68 +, 51 +  and 34 +
glabrescent +  and glabrous +
hoary-tomentose +  and glabrous +
purple +, salmon +, rose +  and pink +
purple +  and salmon +
rounded;acuminate;acute;acute;acute;rounded;acute;acute;acuminate +
Elizabeth E. Dickson +
(Linnaeus) Miller +
reddish-brown +  and gray +
fissured +
compound +  and simple +
opposite +  and alternate +
cuneate +, cuneate-rounded +, cordate +, rounded +  and cordate-rounded +
Pyrus coronaria +
6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br /> (8.5 cm85 mm <br />0.085 m <br />) +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
4.5 cm45 mm <br />0.045 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
elliptic +, oval +, lanceolate +, triangular-ovate +  and ovate +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br />) +
leathery +  and membranous +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (?) +  and 4.5 cm45 mm <br />0.045 m <br /> (?) +
linear-lanceolate +  and ovate +
membranous +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
reddish-brown +  and dark-brown +
glabrescent +  and pubescent +
reddish-brown +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
adnate +  and connate +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
American or sweet or fragrant crabapple +  and garland tree +
Ont. +, Ala. +, Ark. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Kans. +, Ky. +, La. +, Md. +, Mich. +, Mo. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Pa. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Va. +, W.Va. +  and Wis. +
not +  and aggregated +
50–1000 m +
homogeneous +
2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
not +  and aggregated +
not +  and aggregated +
red +, yellow +  and green +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
Open woods, forest edges, thickets, stream banks, fields, fencerows, roadsides +
puberulent +  and glabrous +
campanulate +
tomentose +  and not glabrous +
crassinucellate +
heteromorphic +
deciduous +
entire +, serrate +  and crenate-serrate +
fimbriate +, sinuate +, entire +, unlobed +  and lobed +
inferior +  and superior +
biseriate +  and clustered +
collateral +  and basal +
tomentose +  and glabrous +
corymblike +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
villous +  and glabrous +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
0 (?) +  and 4 (?) +
1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
fading white +  and pink +
free +  and distinct +
oblong;ovate;oblong;ovate;oblong-obovate +
1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br /> (1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br />) +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
villous +, glabrous +  and puberulent +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
Flowering (Apr–)May(–Jun) +  and fruiting Sep–Oct. +
adnate +, free +, connate +  and distinct +
yellow-green +  and green +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
depressed-globose +
Gard. Dict. ed. +
plate-like +
not arillate +
dark-brown +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
persistent +
free +  and distinct +
slightly longer +
triangular +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br /> (1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br />) +
free +  and distinct +
unequal +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (?) +  and 1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br /> (?) +
branched +  and simple +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (45 cm450 mm <br />0.45 m <br />) +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
linear-lanceolate +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
membranous +
1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br /> (1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br />) +
deciduous +  and persistent +
slightly longer +
basal +, lateral +, subterminal +  and terminal +
elongate +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
tomentose +  and glabrous +
Malus angustifolia var. puberula +, M. bracteata +, M. carolinensis +, M. coronaria var. bracteata +, M. coronaria var. dasycalyx +, M. coronaria var. elongata +, M. coronaria var. glabrata +, M. coronaria var. glaucescens +, M. coronaria var. hoopesii +, M. coronaria var. lancifolia +, M. coronaria var. platycarpa +, M. coronaria var. plena +, M. coronaria var. puberula +, M. elongata +, M. fragrans +, M. glabrata +, M. glaucescens +, M. lancifolia +, M. platycarpa +, P. bracteata +, P. coronaria var. dasycalyx +, P. coronaria var. elongata +  and P. coronaria var. lancifolia +
Malus coronaria +
species +
tomentose +, puberulent +, villous +, glabrescent +  and glabrous +
inconspicuous +
shrub +  and tree +