Malus toringo

(Siebold) Siebold ex de Vriese

Tuinb.-fl. 3: 368. 1856.

Common names: Japanese or Toringo or Siebold crabapple
Introduced
Basionym: Sorbus toringo Siebold Jaarb. Kon. Ned. Maatsch. Aanm. Tuinb. 1848: 47. 1848
Synonyms: Crataegus cavaleriei H. Léveillé & Vaniot C. taquetii H. Léveillé Malus baccata subsp. toringo (Siebold) Koidzumi M. sargentii Rehder Photinia rubrolutea H. Léveillé Pyrus esquirolii H. Léveillé P. subcrataegifolia H. Léveillé P. toringo (Siebold) Siebold ex Miquel
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 479. Mentioned on page 473.

Trees, sometimes shrubs, 30–80 (–100) dm. Stems to 30 cm diam.; bark purplish brown, smooth, split irregularly when old; young branches orangish brown and puberulent, becoming dark purple or purplish brown and glabrous; flowering shoots developing as spurs, rarely as thorns, (5–) 15–20 (–35) mm. Buds purplish brown, ovoid, 20–30 mm, glabrous or only terminal scale margins puberulous. Leaves conduplicate in bud; isomorphic; stipules deciduous, lanceolate, 4–6 mm, apex acute or acuminate; petiole 10–25 mm, puberulous; blade narrowly elliptic, elliptic, or ovate, 3–7 × 2–4 cm, base broadly cuneate or rounded, margins usually 3-lobed, serrate, apex acute, abaxial surface puberulous when young, veins puberulous at maturity, adaxial glabrous. Panicles umbellike; peduncles absent; bracteoles deciduous, filiform, 4–5 mm. Pedicels 20–25 mm, pubescent or subglabrous. Flowers 20–30 mm diam.; hypanthium subglabrous or pubescent; sepals lanceolate, 6–9 mm, to 2 times as long as tube, apex caudate-acuminate, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial tomentose; petals white, sometimes pink-white, elliptic-obovate, 15–18 mm, claws 1–2 mm, margins entire, sometimes crenulate, apex rounded; stamens 20, 7–9 mm, anthers yellow before dehiscence; styles 3 or 4 (or 5), basally connate to 1/2 length, 8–10 mm, slightly longer than stamens, proximally villous or lanate. Pomes red or brownish yellow, subglobose, 6–8 (–10) mm diam., cores enclosed at apex; sepals deciduous; sclereids absent or relatively few surrounding core. Seeds reddish-brown. 2n = 34, 51.


Phenology: Flowering Apr–Jun; fruiting Aug–Sep.
Habitat: Slopes, mixed forests, or shrublands
Elevation: 100–2000 m

Distribution

V9 808-distribution-map.jpg

Introduced; Ont., Ill., Kans., Md., Mass., N.Y., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., Va., Wash., Wis., Asia

Discussion

Malus toringo is possibly naturalized in Europe.

Variety sargentii (Rehder) Asami is distinguished by its horizontally spreading branches, pure white, suborbiculate petals, and dark red fruits with a slight bloom; var. zumi (Matsumara) Asami is recognized by its ascending and spreading branches (Asami).

Malus ×zumi (Matsumura) Rehder has been reported for Ohio. The hybrid is morphologically similar to M. toringo, but differs by its larger flowers and fruits and the vigorous shoot having sparsely distributed, only slightly lobed leaves. It has been considered by some to be a variety of M. toringo and by others to be a hybrid between M. baccata and M. toringo.

Malus sieboldii Rehder and Pyrus sieboldii Regel are illegitimate names that pertain here.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"-2timesaslongastube" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."/2" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Malus toringo"
glabrous +  and puberulous +
tomentose +  and glabrous +
rounded;caudate-acuminate;acute;acuminate;acute +
Elizabeth E. Dickson +
(Siebold) Siebold ex de Vriese +
purplish brown +
compound +  and simple +
opposite +  and alternate +
rounded +  and cuneate +
Sorbus toringo +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
ovate +  and elliptic +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br />) +
leathery +  and membranous +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (?) +  and 4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (?) +
linear-lanceolate +  and ovate +
membranous +
purplish brown +, dark purple +  and orangish brown +
glabrous +  and puberulent +
purplish brown +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
adnate +  and connate +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Japanese or Toringo or Siebold crabapple +
Ont. +, Ill. +, Kans. +, Md. +, Mass. +, N.Y. +, Ohio +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, Va. +, Wash. +, Wis. +  and Asia +
not +  and aggregated +
100–2000 m +
homogeneous +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
not +  and aggregated +
not +  and aggregated +
red +, yellow +  and green +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
Slopes, mixed forests, or shrublands +
pubescent +  and subglabrous +
campanulate +
tomentose +  and not glabrous +
crassinucellate +
deciduous +
entire +  and serrate +
crenulate +  and 3-lobed +
inferior +  and superior +
biseriate +  and clustered +
collateral +  and basal +
tomentose +  and glabrous +
umbel-like +
subglabrous +  and pubescent +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
0 (?) +  and 4 (?) +
pink-white +  and white +
free +  and distinct +
elliptic-obovate +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br />) +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
Flowering Apr–Jun +  and fruiting Aug–Sep. +
adnate +, free +, connate +  and distinct +
brownish yellow +  and red +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
subglobose +
not arillate +
reddish-brown +
deciduous +
free +  and distinct +
reflexed +, erect +  and wide spreading +
lanceolate +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br />) +
Introduced +
free +  and distinct +
unequal +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> (?) +
branched +  and simple +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br />) +
lanceolate +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
membranous +
deciduous +  and persistent +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (?) +
slightly longer +
basal +, lateral +, subterminal +  and terminal +
lanate +  and villous +
elongate +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
tomentose +  and glabrous +
Crataegus cavaleriei +, C. taquetii +, Malus baccata subsp. toringo +, M. sargentii +, Photinia rubrolutea +, Pyrus esquirolii +, P. subcrataegifolia +  and P. toringo +
Malus toringo +
species +
tomentose +, puberulent +, villous +, glabrescent +  and glabrous +
inconspicuous +
puberulous +
shrub +  and tree +