Mitella diphylla

Linnaeus

Sp. Pl. 1: 406. 1753 ,.

Common names: Two-leaf mitrewort mitrelle à deux feuilles
IllustratedEndemic
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 110. Mentioned on page 109.

Plants not stoloniferous. Flowering-stems 10–45 (–51) cm. Leaves: petiole 1.8–18 cm, medium and long-stipitate-glandular, longer hairs retrorse, white or tan; blade ovate to broadly ovate, ± as long as or longer than wide, 1.4–8.5 × 1.4–9.6 cm, margins shallowly to prominently 3-lobed or 5-lobed, crenate or dentate, irregularly to regularly ciliate, apex of terminal lobe acute, rarely obtuse, surfaces subglabrous or sparsely short and long-stipitate-glandular; cauline leaves 2, mid cauline or distal, opposite or subopposite, subsessile to short-petiolate, blade (1.1–) 1.6–8 × 0.7–6.5 cm. Inflorescences 1–5, remotely or closely 5–22 (–27) -flowered, 1 flower per node, not secund, 10–45 (–51) cm, sparsely to densely spreading or retrorsely long-stipitate-glandular proximally, short-stipitate-glandular distally. Pedicels 1–3 mm, short-stipitate-glandular. Flowers: hypanthium broadly campanulate, 1–1.6 × 2–3.4 mm; sepals spreading, greenish white or yellowish green, triangular, 1–1.3 × 0.8–1.1 mm; petals white, 9–11 (–15) -lobed, 2–4 mm, lobes linear, lateral lobes spreading or ascending; stamens 10, opposite and alternate with sepals; filaments white, 0.2–0.3 mm; anthers 0.1–0.3 × 0.1–0.2 mm; ovary nearly superior; styles divergent, flattened, 0.1–0.2 mm; stigmas unlobed. Seeds dark reddish-brown or blackish, 1.2–1.6 mm, nearly smooth. 2n = 14.


Phenology: Flowering Apr–Jun.
Habitat: Rich woods, hardwoods on ravine slopes
Elevation: 300-2000 m

Distribution

V8 217-distribution-map.gif

Ont., Que., Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Ky., Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., S.C., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.

Discussion

A decoction from whole plants of Mitella diphylla was used by the Iroquois as an emetic, eye medicine, and good-luck charm; seeds were used by the Menominee as sacred items in medicine dances (D. E. Moerman 1998).

Mitella intermedia T. A. Bruhin ex Small & Rydberg is a presumed interspecific hybrid between M. diphylla and M. nuda. It has been reported from New York and Wisconsin.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"full" is not a number.

... more about "Mitella diphylla"
epigynous +, perigynous +  and hypogynous +
0.01 cm0.1 mm <br />1.0e-4 m <br /> (0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br />) +
0.01 cm0.1 mm <br />1.0e-4 m <br /> (0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br />) +
obtuse +  and acute +
Douglas E. Soltis +  and Craig C. Freeman +
Linnaeus +
cordate +  and truncate +
1.1 cm11 mm <br />0.011 m <br /> (1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br />) +
1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br /> (8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br />) +
longer than wide +, less as-long-as +  and more +
dentate +, serrate +  and entire +
glandular-ciliate +  and ciliate +
ovate +  and broadly ovate +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (?) +  and 6.5 cm65 mm <br />0.065 m <br /> (?) +
3-carpellate +  and 2-carpellate +
subsessile +  and short-petiolate +
subopposite +  and opposite +
distal +, cauline +  and mid +
Two-leaf mitrewort +  and mitrelle à deux feuilles +
ebracteate +, bracteate +  and 2-300(-1000+)-flowered +
Ont. +, Que. +, Ala. +, Ark. +, Conn. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Ky. +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Pa. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Vt. +, Va. +, W.Va. +  and Wis. +
300-2000 m +
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br /> (?) +
45 cm450 mm <br />0.45 m <br /> (51 cm510 mm <br />0.51 m <br />) +
short-stipitate-glandular +  and long-stipitate-glandular +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (45 cm450 mm <br />0.45 m <br />) +
leafless +  and leafy +
45 cm450 mm <br />0.45 m <br /> (51 cm510 mm <br />0.51 m <br />) +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (45 cm450 mm <br />0.45 m <br />) +
2-3(-4)-beaked +  and folliclelike +
Rich woods, hardwoods on ravine slopes +
multicellular +
greenish yellow +, greenish white +  and green +
campanulate +
5-22(-27)-flowered +
ascending +  and spreading +
opposite +  and alternate +
tan +  and white +
dentate;irregularly regularly ciliate +
dentate to irregularly regularly ciliate +, crenate +, 5-lobed +  and 3-lobed +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
crassinucellate +, unitegmic +  and bitegmic +
short-stipitate-glandular +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
epigynous +, perigynous +  and hypogynous +
distinct +
9-11(-15)-lobed +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
peltate +  and jointed +
long-stipitate-glandular +
1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br /> (18 cm180 mm <br />0.18 m <br />) +
Flowering Apr–Jun. +
unequal +
spiny +  and ribbed +
blackish +  and dark reddish-brown +
straight +
pitted +  and smooth +
ellipsoid +  and ovoid +
0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> (0.16 cm1.6 mm <br />0.0016 m <br />) +
yellowish green +  and greenish white +
distinct +
triangular +
0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br /> (0.11 cm1.1 mm <br />0.0011 m <br />) +
Illustrated +  and Endemic +
alternate +  and opposite +
unbranched +  and branched +
persistent +
horizontal +  and erect +
connate +  and distinct +
flattened +
0.01 cm0.1 mm <br />1.0e-4 m <br /> (0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br />) +
long-stipitate-glandular +  and subglabrous +
Mitella diphylla +
species +
annual +, biennial +  and perennial +