Panicum miliaceum

L.
Common names: Broomcorn Proso millet Hog millet Panic millet Millet commun
Introduced
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 456.

Plants annual; sometimes branching from the lower nodes. Culms 20-210 cm, stout, not woody; nodes puberulent; internodes usually with papillose-based hairs, sometimes nearly glabrous, not succulent. Leaves numerous; sheaths terete, densely pilose, with papillose-based and caducous hairs; ligules membranous, ciliate, cilia 1-3 mm; blades 15-40 cm long, 7-25 mm wide. Panicles 6-20 cm long, 4-11 cm wide, included or shortly exserted at maturity, dense; branches stiff, appressed to spreading, spikelets solitary, confined to the distal portions; pedicels 1-9 mm, scabrous and sparsely pilose. Spikelets 4-6 mm, ovoid, usually glabrous. Lower glumes 2.8-3.6 mm, 1/2 - 3/4 as long as the spikelets, 5-7-veined, veins scabridulous distally, apices attenuate; upper glumes 4-5.1 mm, slightly exceeding the upper florets, 11-13 (15) -veined, veins scabridulous distally; lower florets sterile; lower lemmas 4-4.8 mm, slightly exceeding the upper florets, 9-13-veined, veins scabridulous distally; lower paleas 1.2-1.6 mm, 1/2 or less the length of the upper florets, truncate to bilobed; upper florets 3-3.8 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, smooth or striate, more or less shiny, stramineous to orange, redbrown, or blackish, persisting in the spikelets or disarticulating at maturity. 2n = 36, 40, 42, 49, 54, 72.

Distribution

Idaho, Mont., Wash., Conn., N.J., N.Y., Va., Del., D.C., Wis., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Mass., Maine, N.H., R.I., Vt., Fla., Wyo., N.Mex., Tex., La., N.C., Tenn., Ind., Pa., Virgin Islands, Nev., Puerto Rico, Colo., Ariz., Ga., Iowa, Ill., Kans., Ky., Md., Mich., Minn., Mo., N.Dak., Nebr., Ohio, Oreg., S.Dak., Utah, Calif., Ala., Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.), N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Miss.

Discussion

Panicum miliaceum is native to Asia, where it has been cultivated for thousands of years. In the Flora region, it is grown for bird seed and is occasionally planted for game birds. It is also found in corn fields and along roadsides. In Asia, P. miliaceum is still grown for fodder and as a cereal, its fast germination and short growth period enabling it to be sown following a spring crop. It also has one of the lowest water requirements of any cereal grain.

Selected References

None.

Key

1 Mature upper florets blackish, disarticulating at maturity; culms 70-210 cm tall; panicles erect, exserted at maturity, about twice as long as wide; panicle branches ascending to spreading; pulvini well-developed Panicum miliaceum subsp. ruderale
1 Mature upper florets stramineous to orange, not disarticulating; culms 20-120 cm tall; panicles usually nodding, not fully exserted, more than twice as long as wide; panicle branches ascending to appressed; pulvini almost absent Panicum miliaceum subsp. miliaceum

"decumbent" is not a number."-11-veined" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Panicum miliaceum"
72 +, 54 +, 49 +, 42 +, 40 +  and 36 +
puberulent +
attenuate +
anatomy +  and kranz +
Robert W. Freckmann +  and Michel G. Lelong +
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
keeled +  and rounded +
divergent +  and parallel +
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
swelling +
membranous +
disarticulating +  and pseudopetiolate +
non-radiate +  and radiate +
15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br /> (40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br />) +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
filiform +  and ovate flat +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
appressed;spreading +
spikelike +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
not developed +
terete +  and compressed +
thick-walled +
sometimes longer +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Broomcorn +, Proso millet +, Hog millet +, Panic millet +  and Millet commun +
small green +
decumbent +  and erect +
not compressed +
20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> (210 cm2,100 mm <br />2.1 m <br />) +
not woody +
Idaho +, Mont. +, Wash. +, Conn. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, Va. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Wis. +, Pacific Islands (Hawaii) +, Mass. +, Maine +, N.H. +, R.I. +, Vt. +, Fla. +, Wyo. +, N.Mex. +, Tex. +, La. +, N.C. +, Tenn. +, Ind. +, Pa. +, Virgin Islands +, Nev. +, Puerto Rico +, Colo. +, Ariz. +, Ga. +, Iowa +, Ill. +, Kans. +, Ky. +, Md. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mo. +, N.Dak. +, Nebr. +, Ohio +, Oreg. +, S.Dak. +, Utah +, Calif. +, Ala. +, Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.) +, N.S. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Sask. +  and Miss. +
capillary +
germination +
pistillate +  and staminate +
sometimes longer +
compressed +  and terete +
shorter or longer +
subtending +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
tuberculate +
unequal +
membranous +
well-developed +
papillose-based +
uncinate +
Oval (?) +  and Round (?) +
bracteate +  and ebracteate +
hollow +  and solid +
not succulent +
coriaceous +
membranous +
inconspicuous +
1/2 +  and 3/4 +
acuminate +, acute +, obtuse +  and truncate +
0.28 cm2.8 mm <br />0.0028 m <br /> (0.36 cm3.6 mm <br />0.0036 m <br />) +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.48 cm4.8 mm <br />0.0048 m <br />) +
less +  and 1/2 +
0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> (0.16 cm1.6 mm <br />0.0016 m <br />) +
complex +  and simple +
concealed +  and prominent +
puberulent +
2 +  and 1 +
6cm +  and 20cm +
subterranean +
exserted +  and included +
pyramidal +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (11 cm110 mm <br />0.11 m <br />) +
simple +  and compound +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
dry +  and fleshy +
Introduced +
in triplets +  and paired +
1 +  and 60 +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
1 +  and 3 +
compound +  and simple +
fused +  and free +
2 +  and 3 +
dome--shaped +  and triangular +
Gramineae +
Panicum miliaceum +
Panicum sect. Panicum +
species +
membranous +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.38 cm3.8 mm <br />0.0038 m <br />) +
striate +  and smooth +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
11-13(15)-veined +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.51 cm5.1 mm <br />0.0051 m <br />) +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
rugose +  and verrucose +
chartaceous-indurate +  and rigid +
scabridulous +
aquatic +  and terrestrial +
dioecious +, monoecious +  and synoecious +