Phemeranthus aurantiacus

(Engelmann) Kiger

Novon 11: 319. 2001.

Illustrated
Basionym: Talinum aurantiacum Engelmann Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 153. 1850
Synonyms: Talinum angustissimum (Engelmann) Wooton & Standley Talinum aurantiacum var. angustissimum Engelmann Talinum whitei
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 491. Mentioned on page 458, 489, 490, 502.

Plants to 5 dm; roots woody-tuberous. Stems erect, simple or branching, slender to stout, sometimes suffrutescent. Leaves subsessile; blade narrowly planate, linear to narrowly lanceolate or rarely oblanceolate, to 6 cm, base attenuate. Inflorescences: flowers usually solitary, sometimes in 2–3-flowered cymules. Flowers: sepals deciduous, ovate, sometimes cuspidate, 5–10 mm; petals yellow or orange, sometimes reddish, rarely pinkish, obovate, 9–15 (–25) mm; stamens usually 20–30; stigmas 3, linear; pedicel often recurving in fruit. Capsules ovoid to globose, 4–7 mm. Seeds with arcuate ridges, 1.2 (–1.7) mm.


Phenology: Flowering Apr–Nov.
Habitat: Washes, ravines, flats, dunes, slopes, benches, bluffs, ledges, often in grassland, scrub, or chaparral, sometimes along roadsides or in other disturbed sites, in sandy, gravelly, and rocky soils
Elevation: 0-2100 m

Distribution

V4 994-distribution-map.gif

Ariz., N.Mex., Tex., n Mexico

Discussion

A cladistic analysis of chloroplast ndhF sequence data (W. L. Applequist and R. S. Wallace 2001) indicated that Phemeranthus aurantiacus belongs in the same clade as Talinum paniculatum (Jacquin) Gaertner and the two other species of that genus that were sampled, rather than in a separate and rather distant clade containing P. mengesii, the only other species of Phemeranthus included in the study. The molecular evidence, together with the planate leaves and extended stem of P. aurantiacus, which are anomalous in Phemeranthus, suggest that perhaps this species should be restored to Talinum. However, in fruit and seed characters, the chief morphological bases on which Talinum and Phemeranthus are distinguished, P. aurantiacus clearly belongs in the latter.

Talinum angustissimum often has been held separate from Phemeranthus aurantiacus (T. aurantiacum), but the supposed distinctions break down in a continuum of intergradation, the other extreme of which was described as T. whitei. The former extreme, centered in southern Arizona, has yellow petals, very narrow leaves, slender stems, and small, globose capsules; the latter, centered in southern Chihuahua and northern Durango, has orange to reddish petals, broad leaves, stout stems, and large, ovoid capsules. The name T. lineare Kunth, which properly applies to a species from central Mexico, has been misapplied to some collections of P. aurantiacus from Texas.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Phemeranthus aurantiacus"
Robert W. Kiger +
(Engelmann) Kiger +
membranous to chartaceous +
attenuate +
Talinum aurantiacum +
occasionally dentate;crisped +
linear +  and narrowly lanceolate or rarely oblanceolate +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
succulent +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (?) +
ovoid +  and globose +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (?) +
Ariz. +, N.Mex. +, Tex. +  and n Mexico +
0-2100 m +
not separating +
differentiated +
not separating +
differentiated +
pedicellate +, many-flowered +  and secund +
cleistogamous +
3[-5]-carpelled +
Washes, ravines, flats, dunes, slopes, benches, bluffs, ledges, often in grassland, scrub, or chaparral, sometimes along roadsides or in other disturbed sites, in sandy, gravelly, and rocky soils +
cymulose +  and cymose +
paniculate +  and racemose +
axillary +, terminal +  and lateral +
subrosulate +, subopposite +  and alternate +
plurilocular +
short;elongate +
gray +  and pale white +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
pinkish +, reddish +, orange +  and yellow +
fugacious +
connate +  and distinct +
obovate +
0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
Flowering Apr–Nov. +
woody-tuberous +
fleshy +  and woody +
estrophiolate +
0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> (0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br />) +
brown +  and black +
sculptured +  and smooth +
circular-reniform +  and compressed +
1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br /> (?) +
deciduous +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Illustrated +
with filaments +  and distinct +
20 +  and 30 +
branching +  and simple +
suffrutescent +
slender +  and stout +
Talinum angustissimum +, Talinum aurantiacum var. angustissimum +  and Talinum whitei +
Phemeranthus aurantiacus +
Phemeranthus +
species +
deciduous +
fleshy +  and succulent +