Picrodendraceae

Small
Common names: Jamaica-walnut Family
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 325. Mentioned on page 156, 157, 328.

Shrubs [perennial herbs or trees], evergreen, monoecious or dioecious. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled, simple [palmately compound]; stipules absent [present]; petiole present [absent]; blade margins entire, dentate, or serrate; venation pinnate. Inflorescences unisexual [bisexual], axillary, thyrses, fascicles [cymes], or flowers solitary. Flowers unisexual; perianth hypogynous; hypanthium absent; sepals [3–] 4–13, distinct; petals 0; nectary present [absent]; stamens [2–] 4–10 [–55], distinct [rarely connate], free; anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits; pistil 1, (2–) 3–4 (–5) -carpellate, ovary superior, (2–) 3–4 (–5) -locular; placentation axile; ovules [1–] 2 per locule, anatropous; styles (2–) 3–4 (–5) [–8], distinct, unbranched [rarely 2-fid]; stigmas (2–) 3–4 (–5) [–8]. Fruits capsules [drupes], schizocarpic with cocci separating from persistent columella, coccus dehiscence septicidal [loculicidal]. Seeds 1–2 per locule.

Distribution

sw United States, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia, tropical and warm temperate regions

Discussion

Genera 24, species ca. 90 (1 genus, 3 species in the flora).

The genera that make up Picrodendraceae traditionally have been treated as Euphorbiaceae subfam. Oldfieldioideae Eg. Köhler & G. L. Webster. This group has long been recognized as monophyletic because of its distinctive spiny pollen (G. A. Levin and M. G. Simpson 1994). Molecular data (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2003; K. Wurdack et al. 2004; C. C. Davis et al. 2005; Wurdack and Davis 2009) strongly support its monophyly and show that it is sister to Phyllanthaceae (formerly treated as Euphorbiaceae subfam. Phyllanthoideae) and more distant from Euphorbiaceae in the narrow sense.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

... more about "Picrodendraceae"
Geoffrey A. Levin +
pinnate +, serrate +, dentate +  and entire +
Jamaica-walnut Family +
sw United States +, Mexico +, West Indies +, Central America +, South America +, Asia +, Africa +, Pacific Islands +, Australia +  and tropical and warm temperate regions +
whorled +, opposite +  and alternate +
(2-)3-4(-5)-carpellate +
1 +  and 2 +
distinct +
free +  and distinct +
distinct +
Picrodendraceae +
dioecious +  and monoecious +