Populus tremuloides

Michaux

Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 243. 1803.

Common names: Trembling or quaking aspen tremble álamo temblón
WeedyIllustrated
Synonyms: Populus aurea Tidestrom Populus ×polygonifolia F. G. Bernard Populus tremula subsp. tremuloides (Michaux) Á. Löve & D. Löve Populus tremuloides var. aurea (Tidestrom) Daniels Populus tremuloides var. magnifica Victorin Populus tremuloides var. vancouveriana (Trelease) Sargent
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 22. Mentioned on page 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 21.

Plants to 35 m, 10 dm diam.; moderately heterophyllous. Bark dark gray, shallowly furrowed only basally on large trees, (greenish or yellowish white to gray and smooth otherwise). Branchlets reddish-brown, becoming grayish yellow by third year, round, 1.2–3.5 (–5) mm diam., coarse or not, glabrous. Winter buds reddish-brown, glabrous, (shiny), slightly resinous; terminal buds (2.5–) 4–6 (–9) mm, (glabrous); flowering buds separated on branchlets or clustered distally, (4.5–) 6–10 (–11) mm. Leaves: petiole distally flattened at right angle to plane of blade, (0.7–) 1–6 cm, about equaling blade length; blade somewhat circular to ovate, (1–) 3–7 (–12) × (0.5–) 3–7 (–10.5) cm, w/l = ca. 1, base shallowly cuneate to subcordate, shouldered, basilaminar glands (0 or) 1 or 2, round, margins not translucent, not ciliate, apex acuminate to acute, abaxial surface whitish green, resin stains not obvious, (slightly glaucous), glabrous, adaxial dark green, glabrous; preformed blade margins subentire to finely crenate-serrate throughout, teeth (12–) 18–30 (–42) on each side, sinuses 0.1–1 mm deep, (surfaces glabrous or sparsely sericeous); neoformed blade margins finely crenate-serrate throughout, teeth (20–) 25–40 (–50) on each side, sinuses 0.1–1.3 mm deep. Catkins densely (20–) 50–65 (–130) -flowered, (1.7–) 4–7 (–12.5 in fruit) cm; floral bract apex deeply cut, ciliate. Pedicels 0.5–1.5 (–2 in fruit) mm. Flowers: discs narrowly cupshaped, obviously oblique, entire, 1.3–1.8 (–3 in fruit) mm diam.; stamens 6–12; anthers truncate; ovary 2-carpelled; stigmas 2, filiform, basal lobes expanded, erect. Capsules narrowly ovoid, (2–) 2.5–4.5 (–7) mm, glabrous, 2-valved. Seeds (3–) 5–7 (–9) per placenta. 2n = 38, 57, 76.


Phenology: Flowering Mar–Jun; fruiting May–Jul.
Habitat: Dry to wet, open to closed woodlands and forests, edges of meadows and prairies, talus-slopes and canyon-heads, sites of human disturbance, timber cuts, mine tailings, gravel pits, quarries, roadsides
Elevation: 0-3000(-4000) m

Distribution

V7 15-distribution-map.gif

St. Pierre and Miquelon, Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.W.T., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Yukon, Alaska, Ariz., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.Dak., Tex., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo., Mexico (Baja California), Mexico (Chihuahua), Mexico (Coahuila), Mexico (Nuevo León), Mexico (Tamaulipas), Mexico (south to Hidalgo and the state of Mexico)

Discussion

Clonal aspen groves develop rapidly following fires and other disturbances and may quickly decay in their absence as infections are transmitted through the connecting root system. Populus tremuloides is the most widely distributed tree in North America, found throughout cold and cool-temperate regions from coast to coast and from within the Arctic Circle to the north rim of the Valley of Mexico. It ranges from sea level in the north and east to the north slopes of high mountains in the southernmost part of its range. The southerly locations, like that on Mt. Livermore in the Davis Mountains, Texas, the most southerly stand in the flora area, may be Pleistocene relicts. Groves are often occupied by single clones and show no sexual reproduction but persist and spread by root suckers. Clone formation commonly results also in striking differences in appearance and phenology of adjacent groves or blocks of trees (B. V. Barnes 1969). Some individuals display a particularly rich, yellow autumn coloration that makes them a standout among North American trees, particularly in the West, where this richness was the basis for segregation of P. tremuloides var. aurea. There do not appear to be consistent regional differences within the species that would justify recognition of subspecies or varieties (Barnes 1975). Instead, there is as much variation from clone to clone within a region as there is among regions.

Populus tremuloides hybridizes with both the native P. grandidentata (P. ×smithii B. Boivin) and the Eurasian P. alba (P. ×heimburgeri B. Boivin) in southeastern Canada and the northeastern United States (B. V. Barnes 1961; T. A. Spies and Barnes 1982). Populus ×smithii occurs as far west as the Niobrara River valley, Nebraska, ca. 350 km west of the nearest present populations of P. grandidentata. Preformed leaves are more ovate than those of P. tremuloides and have larger teeth. Populus ×heimburgeri has transiently tomentose twigs, buds, and abaxial leaf surfaces. Contrary to some published reports (E. Lepage 1961; T. C. Brayshaw 1965b; B. Boivin 1966b; F. G. Bernard 1968), P. tremuloides does not hybridize naturally with P. angustifolia, P. balsamifera, or P. deltoides. The correct identification of such specimens is discussed under each of the purported parents.

The closely related Eurasian aspen, Populus tremula Linnaeus, is sometimes cultivated in North America, particularly as a columnar staminate clone (‘Erecta’). Its leaves are very similar in shape to those of P. tremuloides and usually have slightly larger teeth. Buds are often minutely hairy. Artificial hybrids between P. tremula and P. tremuloides, P. ×wettsteinii Hämet-Ahti, are sometimes grown for plantation forestry, particularly in the Great Lakes region.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Populus tremuloides"
76 +, 57 +  and 38 +
at right angle;plane +
acuminate +  and acute +
James E. Eckenwalder +
Michaux +
shallowly cuneate +  and subcordate +
7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br /> (12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br />) +
7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br /> (10.5 cm105 mm <br />0.105 m <br />) +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
circular;ovate +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
deciduous +
0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
not +  and coarse +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (1.1 cm11 mm <br />0.011 m <br />) +
resinous +
reddish-brown +
flowering +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br />) +
(20-)50-65(-130)-flowered +
1.7 cm17 mm <br />0.017 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
Trembling or quaking aspen +, tremble +  and álamo temblón +
saucer--shaped +
0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br /> (0.18 cm1.8 mm <br />0.0018 m <br />) +
cup-shaped +
St. Pierre and Miquelon +, Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.) +, N.W.T. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Yukon +, Alaska +, Ariz. +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Conn. +, Del. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mo. +, Mont. +, Nebr. +, Nev. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Mex. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, N.Dak. +, Ohio +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.Dak. +, Tex. +, Utah +, Vt. +, Va. +, Wash. +, W.Va. +, Wis. +, Wyo. +, Mexico (Baja California) +, Mexico (Chihuahua) +, Mexico (Coahuila) +, Mexico (Nuevo León) +, Mexico (Tamaulipas) +  and Mexico (south to Hidalgo and the state of Mexico) +
0-3000(-4000) m +
pistillate +  and staminate +
bisexual +  and unisexual +
Dry to wet, open to closed woodlands and forests, edges of meadows and prairies, talus-slopes and canyon-heads, sites of human disturbance, timber cuts, mine tailings, gravel pits, quarries, roadsides +
unbranched +  and spicate +
terminal +  and axillary +
arranged +  and alternate +
marcescent +
deciduous +
subentire +  and finely crenate-serrate +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
flattened +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
Flowering Mar–Jun +  and fruiting May–Jul. +
Fl. Bor. Amer. +
0.01 cm0.1 mm <br />1.0e-4 m <br /> (0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br />) +
Weedy +  and Illustrated +
branched +, sympodial +, monopodial +  and branching +
erect;pendent +
glabrescent;pubescent +
filiform +
distinct +
persistent +  and deciduous +
Populus aurea +, Populus ×polygonifolia +, Populus tremula subsp. tremuloides +, Populus tremuloides var. aurea +, Populus tremuloides var. magnifica +  and Populus tremuloides var. vancouveriana +
Populus tremuloides +
species +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (?) +