Potentilla villosa

Pallas ex Pursh

Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 353. 1813.

Common names: Villous cinquefoil
Illustrated
Synonyms: Potentilla villosa var. parviflora C. L. Hitchcock
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 201. Mentioned on page 196, 197, 202.

Plants ± to densely tufted. Caudex branches stout, sometimes short-columnar, not sheathed with marcescent whole leaves. Stems ascending, 0.5–2 (–2.5) dm, lengths 1.5–3 times basal leaves. Basal leaves 2–12 (–15) cm; petiole 1–9 (–12) cm, long hairs ± abundant to dense, spreading to ascending, 1–2.5 (–3) mm, soft to weak, smooth, crisped hairs absent or sparse, cottony hairs absent, glands sparse to common, sometimes obscured; leaflets usually ± overlapping, central broadly obovate to suborbiculate, (0.5–) 1.5–2.5 (–3) × (0.5–) 1.5–2.6 (–3.2) cm, sessile to subsessile, base cuneate to rounded, margins revolute, distal 1/2–2/3 (–3/4) incised 1/4–1/2 to midvein, teeth 3–6 (–7) per side, ± approximate to ± distant, surfaces ± dissimilar, abaxial yellowish or grayish white, long hairs 1–2 mm, cottony-crisped hairs ± dense, adaxial grayish green, long hairs abundant to dense, crisped hairs absent, sparse, or obscured. Cauline leaves (0–) 1–2. Inflorescences (1–) 2–7 (–10) -flowered. Pedicels 0.5–3 (–4) cm in flower, to 4 cm in fruit. Flowers: epicalyx bractlets ovate to oval-elliptic, 3–8 × 2–5 mm, 2/3 to as wide as sepals, margins strongly revolute, red-glands absent; hypanthium 5–7 mm diam.; sepals 4–8 mm, apex ± acute; petals (5–) 7–15 × 7–16 mm, significantly longer than sepals; filaments 1.8–2.1 mm, anthers 0.7–0.8 mm; carpels 150–250, apical hairs usually absent, rarely present (cottony), styles narrowly conic to tapered, ± papillate-swollen on proximal 1/5–1/2, 0.9–1.1 mm. Achenes 0.9–1.3 mm. 2n = 14.


Phenology: Flowering spring–summer.
Habitat: Sea cliffs, gravel beaches, inland on alpine outcrops (primarily southern populations), pumice barrens, scree and rock ledges
Elevation: 0–100(–1800) m

Distribution

V9 305-distribution-map.jpg

B.C., Alaska, Oreg., Wash., e Asia (Russian Far East)

Discussion

Potentilla villosa is the only documented diploid species of sect. Niveae in North America and, almost certainly, it is fully sexual. It is a characteristic species of coarse-grained beaches and coastal cliffs from southwestern British Columbia to western Alaska and the Russian Far East, and also occurs on scattered mountains in the Olympic Peninsula and Cascade Range of Washington and Oregon (providing the higher elevational extreme). These southern populations, which have been called var. parviflora, tend to be smaller, more delicate, less hairy plants in general, with fewer and smaller flowers. At least some plants in some southern populations also have cottony hairs on the carpels.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"thin" is not a number."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."-3timesbasalleaves" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Potentilla villosa"
reddish +, yellowish white +, gray +  and white +
cottony-crisped +
reddish +, yellowish white +, gray +  and white +
cottony-crisped +
grayish white +  and yellowish +
cottony-crisped +
rugose +  and smooth +
0.9mm +  and 1.3mm +
0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br /> (0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br />) +
Reidar Elven +, David F. Murray +  and Barbara Ertter +
Pallas ex Pursh +
compound +  and simple +
12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br />) +
cuneate +  and rounded +
Niveae +
25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br /> (30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br />) +
less cordate or reniform +  and narrowly elliptic +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br />) +
coriaceous +
reduced +
free +  and distinct +
hairy +  and glabrous +
short-columnar +
sessile +  and subsessile +
2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
2.6 cm26 mm <br />0.026 m <br /> (3.2 cm32 mm <br />0.032 m <br />) +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
broadly obovate +  and suborbiculate +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (2.6 cm26 mm <br />0.026 m <br />) +
Villous cinquefoil +
B.C. +, Alaska +, Oreg. +, Wash. +  and e Asia (Russian Far East) +
not +  and aggregated +
0–100(–1800) m +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
ovate +  and oval-elliptic +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
0.18 cm1.8 mm <br />0.0018 m <br /> (0.21 cm2.1 mm <br />0.0021 m <br />) +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
not +  and aggregated +
deciduous +
on style scar +, hairy +  and glabrous +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.26 cm2.6 mm <br />0.0026 m <br />) +
sparse;common +
crisped +
Sea cliffs, gravel beaches, inland on alpine outcrops (primarily southern populations), pumice barrens, scree and rock ledges +
stoloniferous +  and short-rhizomatous +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
straight +
spreading +  and ascending +
abundant +  and sparse +
crisped +  and cottony-crisped +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
0.5mm;2.5mm +
turbinate +, patelliform +  and cupulate +
(1-)2-7(-10)-flowered +
crassinucellate +
bipinnate +, odd-pinnate +, subpalmate +, palmate +  and ternate +
opposite +  and alternate +
marcescent +
well-developed +
persistent +
cauline +  and basal +
reduced +
obtriangular +, suborbiculate +, elliptic +  and obovate +
linear +  and oblanceolate +
palmate +  and pinnate +
1/4 (?) +  and 1/2 (?) +
inferior +  and superior +
clustered +, biseriate +  and superposed +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
pale-yellow +  and yellow +
free +  and distinct +
7mm;15mm +
significantly longer +
obcordate +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br />) +
9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br /> (12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br />) +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br />) +
Flowering spring–summer. +
adnate +, free +, connate +  and distinct +
palmate +  and ternate +
12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br /> (20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br />) +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br />) +
Fl. Amer. Sept. +
not arillate +
persistent +
free +  and distinct +
erect +  and spreading +
lanceolate +  and broadly ovate or deltate +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
Illustrated +
free +  and distinct +
not rooting +
reddish +  and green +
1 +  and many +
not flagelliform +
palmate +  and pinnate +
linear;ovate +
0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
deciduous +
distinct +
proximal +  and subapical +
not;1/3;1/2 +
papillate-swollen +, narrowly conic +  and tapered +
rough-thickened +
0.09 cm0.9 mm <br />9.0e-4 m <br /> (0.11 cm1.1 mm <br />0.0011 m <br />) +
Potentilla villosa var. parviflora +
not fleshy-thickened +
Potentilla villosa +
Potentilla sect. Niveae +
species +
less approximate;more or less distant +
3 (?) +  and 6 (?) +
inconspicuous +
enlarged +
biennial +, annual +  and perennial +