Quercus texana

Buckley

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 12: 444. 1860.

Common names: Texas red oak Nuttall's oak
EndemicIllustrated
Synonyms: Quercus nuttallii E. J. Palmer Quercus rubra var. texana (Buckley) Buckley Quercus shumardii var. texana (Buckley) Ashe
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.

Trees, deciduous, to 25 m. Bark dark-brown with flat ridges divided by shallow fissures. Twigs redbrown to gray, 1.5-3 (-3.5) mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds gray to gray-brown, ovoid, 3-7 mm, glabrous or with scales somewhat ciliate at apex. Leaves: petiole 20-50 mm, glabrous. Leaf-blade ovate to elliptic or obovate, 75-200 × 55-130 mm, base cuneate to almost truncate, often inequilateral, margins with 6-11 lobes and 9-24 awns, lobes oblong to distally expanded, rarely falcate, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for conspicuous axillary tufts of tomentum, veins raised, adaxially planar, glabrous. Acorns biennial; cup thin (scale bases visible on inner surface), deeply goblet-shaped with pronounced constriction at base, 10-16 mm high × 15-22 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface glabrous to sparsely puberulent, inner surface sparsely to uniformly pubescent, scale tips appressed, acute; nut broadly ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, 15-26 × 13-18 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, scar diam. 8-13 mm, scar often orangish.


Phenology: Flowering spring.
Habitat: Flood plains and bottomlands
Elevation: 0-200 m

Distribution

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Ala., Ark., Ill., Ky., La., Miss., Mo., Tenn., Tex.

Discussion

For many years the name Quercus texana was erroneously used for Q. buckleyi (L. J. Dorr and K. C. Nixon 1985). A few authors have also used the name for Q. gravesii.

Quercus nuttallii E. J. Palmer var. cachensis E. J. Palmer was described as a small-fruited form (nuts 16-18 × 12-16 mm) from specimens collected in east-central Arkansas (E. J. Palmer 1937). Noting the similarity between Q. nuttallii var. cachensis and Q. palustris, Palmer discounted the possibility of the former being of hybrid origin because (1) he had not observed Q. palustris in the type locality, and (2) the leaves and buds of the former were essentially the same as in Q. nuttallii var. nuttallii.

C. H. Muller (1942), on the other hand, argued that Quercus nuttallii was nothing more than a form [forma nuttallii (E. J. Palmer) C. H. Muller] of Q. palustris. This is a puzzling conclusion because it was based largely on the premise that Q. nuttallii occurred "...with the parent species throughout a large part of the latter's southern range (Mississippi to eastern Texas and southeastern Missouri)." The range of Q. palustris does not extend into Mississippi or eastern Texas, although its range does overlap that of Q. texana in eastern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri. E. J. Palmer (1948) and D. M. Hunt (1989) have suggested hybridization with Q. shumardii and Q. nigra, respectively. See L. J. Dorr and K. C. Nixon (1985) for an explanation of the nomenclatural confusion regarding this taxon.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Quercus texana"
Kevin C. Nixon +
Buckley +
furrowed +  and smooth +
dark-brown +
inequilateral;cuneate to almost +
10mm;16mm +
2-6-lobed +
pistillate +, capitate +  and spicate +
Texas red oak +  and Nuttall's oak +
connate +  and distinct +
starchy +  and fleshy +
tuberculate +
goblet--shaped +
×15-22 +  and thin +
multibracteate +, spiny +  and scaly +
Ala. +, Ark. +, Ill. +, Ky. +, La. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, Tenn. +  and Tex. +
0-200 m +
pistillate +  and staminate +
biennial +, annual +  and maturation +
1-seeded +  and winged +
in groups +  and enclosed +
Flood plains and bottomlands +
pistillate +, spicate +  and staminate +
silky-tomentose +
7.5 cm75 mm <br />0.075 m <br /> - 20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> +
ovate +  and elliptic or obovate +
arranged +  and alternate +
6 - ? +  and 11 - ? +
falcate +  and oblong +
expanded +
entire +, dentate +  and serrate +
toothed +  and entire +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> - 2.6 cm26 mm <br />0.026 m <br /> +
puberulent +  and glabrous +
1/3 +  and 1/2 +
broadly ovoid +  and broadly ellipsoid +
1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br /> - 1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br /> +
glabrous +  and sparsely puberulent +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> - 5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> +
Flowering spring. +
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia +
divided +
distinct +
few-to-many +
reduced +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> - 1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br /> +
anastomosing +, branching +  and unbranched +
Endemic +  and Illustrated +
inconspicuous +
distinct +
linear-spatulate +
Quercus nuttallii +, Quercus rubra var. texana +  and Quercus shumardii var. texana +
Quercus texana +
Quercus sect. Lobatae +
species +
gray +  and gray-brown +
with scales +  and glabrous +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> - 0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> +
bristle-tipped +
redbrown +  and gray +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> - 0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> +