Stenotaphrum secundatum

(Walter) Kuntze
Common names: St. augustine grass
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 561.

Plants stoloniferous. Culms 10-30 cm, decumbent, rooting at the lower nodes, branched above the base, with prominent prophylls. Sheaths sparsely pilose, constricted at the summit; ligules about 0.5 mm, membranous, ciliate; blades 3-15 (18) cm long, 4-10 mm wide, thick, flat, glabrous, apices blunt. Panicles 4.5-10 cm long, less than 1 cm wide; rachises flattened, winged; branches 12-20, with 1-5 spikelets. Spikelets 3.5-5 mm, partially embedded in 1 side of the branch axes; lower glumes about 1 mm, rounded, irregularly toothed; upper glumes and lower lemmas 3-4 mm, about equal; upper lemmas papery, 5-veined, margins weakly clasping the paleas; anthers 2-2.5 mm, tan or purple. Caryopses about 2 mm, oblong to obovate. 2n = 18.

Distribution

Okla., Miss., Tex., La., Calif., Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Ala., Tenn., N.C., S.C., Va., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Ga., Fla., Mo., N.Mex.

Discussion

Stenotaphrum secundatum grows on sandy beaches, at the edges of swamps and lagoons, and along inland streams and lakes. It may be native to the southeastern United States, being known from the Carolinas prior to 1800, but it has become naturalized in most tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

Stenotaphrum secundatum is planted for turf in the southern United States and is now established from California to North Carolina and Florida. Numerous cultivars have been developed. Specimens with variegated foliage (often called S. secundatum var. variegatum Hitchc.) are sometimes used as an ornamental in hanging baskets and greenhouses.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

No values specified."decumbent" is not a number.

... more about "Stenotaphrum secundatum"
purple +  and tan +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
anatomy +  and kranz +
Kelly W. Allred +
(Walter) Kuntze +
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
keeled +  and rounded +
pseudopetiolate +  and branching +
divergent +  and parallel +
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
swelling +
membranous +
disarticulating +  and pseudopetiolate +
non-radiate +  and radiate +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
folded +  and flat +
spikelike +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
not developed +
oblong +  and obovate +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (?) +
sometimes longer +
St. augustine grass +
branched +  and rooting +
ascending +  and erect +
compressed +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br />) +
Okla. +, Miss. +, Tex. +, La. +, Calif. +, Puerto Rico +, Virgin Islands +, Ala. +, Tenn. +, N.C. +, S.C. +, Va. +, Pacific Islands (Hawaii) +, Ga. +, Fla. +, Mo. +  and N.Mex. +
capillary +
germination +
pistillate +  and staminate +
sometimes longer +
compressed +  and terete +
shorter or longer +
subtending +
unequal +
membranous +
uncinate +
bracteate +  and ebracteate +
coriaceous +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (?) +
membranous +
inconspicuous +
toothed +  and rounded +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (?) +
complex +  and simple +
concealed +  and prominent +
2 +  and 1 +
4.5cm +  and 10cm +
subterranean +
spikelike +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
dry +  and fleshy +
flattened +
compressed +
constricted +
in triplets +  and paired +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
lanceolate +  and ovate +
0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
1 +  and 3 +
fused +  and free +
2 +  and 3 +
dome--shaped +  and triangular +
Gramineae +
Stenotaphrum secundatum +
Stenotaphrum +
species +
membranous +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
perennial +  and annual +
aquatic +  and terrestrial +
dioecious +, monoecious +  and synoecious +