Themeda

Forssk.
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 682.
 TaxonIllustrator 
FNA25 P267 Themeda pg 683.jpegThemeda arguens
Themeda quadrivalvis
Themeda triandra
Hana Pazdírková
Linda A. Vorobik
Hana Pazdírková
Linda A. Vorobik
Hana Pazdírková
Linda A. Vorobik

Plants annual or perennial; usually cespitose, rarely stoloniferous. Culms 30-310 cm, erect. Leaves not aromatic; sheaths open; ligules membranous, sometimes ciliate. Inflorescences numerous, terminal and axillary, false panicles; peduncles shorter than the subtending sheaths, with 1-8 rames; rames spikelet-bearing to the base, axes slender, without a longitudinal translucent groove, with 2 large, solitary, homogamous sessile-pedicellate spikelet pairs at the base and 1-4 smaller, heterogamous sessile-pedicellate spikelet pairs distally, terminal or only unit sometimes a triplet with 1 sessile and 2 pedicellate spikelets; disarticulation in the rames below the sessile spikelets of the heterogamous spikelet units, occasionally beneath the homogamous spikelets. Homogamous spikelet pairs distinctive, forming an involucre around the rame bases, separated by internodes less than M as long as the spikelets; spikelets subequal, strongly compressed dorsally, staminate or sterile, unawned; lower glumes membranous, 2-keeled. Heterogamous spikelet pairs: sessile spikelets subterete or dorsally compressed, awned; calluses bearded, usually sharp; glumes coriaceous; lower glumes wrapped around and concealing the upper glumes, obscurely veined but not keeled, truncate; upper glumes sulcate, with thin margins; lower florets highly reduced, sterile; upper florets bisexual, upper lemmas usually terminating in a geniculate awn; awns usually present, to 9 cm, puberulent to pubescent, sometimes absent. Pedicels slender, not sulcate, not fused to the rame axes; pedicellate spikelets similar to the homogamous spikelets except narrower, staminate or sterile, and unawned. Caryopses narrowly ovate or linear, subterete or channeled on 1 side, x = 5,10.

Distribution

Puerto Rico, Tex., La., Calif., Fla., Kans., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Md., Va.

Discussion

Themeda is a genus of approximately 18 species, all of which are native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Eastern Hemisphere, primarily southeast Asia. One species has been established in the Flora region, one is grown as an ornamental, and a third was introduced but is not known to be established.

Key

1 Awns 7-9 cm long; calluses 3-4 mm long Themeda arguens
1 Awns 2.5-7 cm long; calluses 0.5-4 mm long. > 2
2 Plants annual; homogamous spikelets 4-7 mm long; sessile spikelets of heterogamous pairs 4-6 mm long Themeda quadrivalvis
2 Plants perennial; homogamous spikelets 6-14 mm long; sessile spikelets of heterogamous pairs 6-14 mm long Themeda triandra

"decumbent" is not a number.

... more about "Themeda"
anatomy +  and kranz +
Mary E. Barkworth +
Forssk. +
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
puberulent +  and pubescent +
geniculate +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br />) +
slender +
keeled +  and rounded +
sessile-pedicellate +
divergent +  and parallel +
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
heterogamous +
smaller +
pseudopetiolate +
non-radiate +  and radiate +
well-developed +
usually linear +  and lanceolate occasionally ovate +
reduced +
spikelike +
channeled +, subterete +, linear +  and ovate +
purple +  and reddish +
30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br /> (310 cm3,100 mm <br />3.1 m <br />) +
not woody +
Puerto Rico +, Tex. +, La. +, Calif. +, Fla. +, Kans. +, Pacific Islands (Hawaii) +, Md. +  and Va. +
capillary +
sometimes longer +
concealing +
compressed +  and terete +
shorter or longer +
subtending +
compressed +  and rounded +
unequal +
coriaceous +
uncinate +
bracteate +  and ebracteate +
pedunculate +  and multiple-stalked +
solid +  and hollow +
photosynthetic +
not aromatic +
coriaceous +
membranous +
inconspicuous +
not keeled +  and 2-keeled +
complex +  and simple +
concealed +  and prominent +
pedicellate +
not fused +
dry +  and fleshy +
elongate +
reed1964d +, simon1992a +  and towne2000a +
staminate +, pedicellate +, sessile +  and sessile-pedicellate +
homogamous +, sterile +  and heterogamous +
compressed +  and subterete +
subequal +, smaller +  and large +
1 +  and 3 +
fused +  and free +
2 +  and 3 +
dome--shaped +  and triangular +
Gramineae +
Themeda +
Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae +
membranous +
sessile-pedicellate +
perennial +  and annual +
plant +  and cespitose +
aquatic +  and terrestrial +
dioecious +, monoecious +  and synoecious +