Trientalis europaea

Linnaeus

Sp. Pl. 1: 344. 1753 ,.

Common names: Arctic starflower
Synonyms: Trientalis arctica Fischer ex Hooker Trientalis europaea var. aleutica Tatewaki & Kobayashi Trientalis europaea subsp. arctica (Fischer ex Hooker) Hultén Trientalis europaea var. arctica (Fischer ex Hooker) Ledebour
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 304. Mentioned on page 305.

Stems 5–30 cm. Leaves whorled or densely crowded at stem apex, becoming alternate and progressively or abruptly smaller proximally; blades of distal leaves obovate or oblanceolate to spatulate (sometimes elliptic), 2–6 cm × 9–26 mm, widest beyond midlength, (proximal leaves smaller, 0.2–2 cm × 1–13 mm, only proximalmost ± scalelike), apex acute to rounded or obtuse. Pedicels 1–2, (1.4–) 1.8–5.5 cm, equaling or longer than leaves, sparsely to densely glandular, at least proximally. Flowers: corolla usually white, 5–9 mm, lobes ovate to broadly elliptic or lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate (or apiculate). 2n = 84; 70+, 90, 100, 110, 130, 160, 170 (all Siberia); ca. 128 (Norway); 112, 160 (Europe); 170 (Belarus).


Phenology: Flowering summer.
Habitat: Arctic tundra, moist spruce forests, stream banks, moist open meadows, sphagnum bogs and swamps
Elevation: 0-1600 m

Distribution

V8 609-distribution-map.gif

Alta., B.C., N.W.T., Sask., Yukon, Alaska, Calif., Idaho, Oreg., Wash., n Eurasia

Discussion

The Alaskan populations of Trientalis europaea have been segregated as T. arctica or T. europaea var. aleutica, based primarily on the number and size of leaves. E. Hultén (1927–1930, vol. 4) reduced these to T. europaea subsp. arctica; he indicated that they (along with populations from eastern Siberia) are merely “geographic races.” He later (1968) mapped them as discrete entities. Other taxonomists (e.g., S. L. Welsh 1974) found intermediates, which I corroborated by examination of herbarium specimens. I believe that a conservative approach is warranted until additional research is undertaken.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

No values specified.

... more about "Trientalis europaea"
160 +, 170 +, 130 +, 110 +, 100 +  and 90 +
acute +  and acuminate +
Anita F. Cholewa +
Linnaeus +
cuneate +
sculpted +  and entire +
oblanceolate;elliptic suborbiculate obovate or spatulate +
lanceolate-linear +  and lanceolate +
Arctic starflower +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
Alta. +, B.C. +, N.W.T. +, Sask. +, Yukon +, Alaska +, Calif. +, Idaho +, Oreg. +, Wash. +  and n Eurasia +
0-1600 m +
curved +  and straight +
globose +
Arctic tundra, moist spruce forests, stream banks, moist open meadows, sphagnum bogs and swamps +
nectariferous +
alternate +, crowded +  and whorled +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
smaller +
ovate;broadly elliptic or lanceolate +
tenuinucellate +  and bitegmic +
anatropous;campylotropous +
1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br /> (1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br />) +
1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br /> (5.5 cm55 mm <br />0.055 m <br />) +
connate;proximally nearly distinct +
Flowering summer. +
3-5-carpellate +
reddish-brown +  and black +
globose +
alternate +  and cluster +
epipetalous +  and antipetalous +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br />) +
usually capitate;truncate +
rudimentary +
Trientalis arctica +, Trientalis europaea var. aleutica +, Trientalis europaea subsp. arctica +  and Trientalis europaea var. arctica +
Trientalis europaea +
Trientalis +
species +
annual +  and perennial +
glandular +  and glabrous +