View source for Carex sect. Granulares

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Carex sect. Granulares
|accepted_authority=(O. Lang) Mackenzie in N. L. Britton et al.
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl.
|place=18: 260. 1935
|year=1935
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Granulares
|authority=O. Lang
|rank=unranked
|publication_title=Linnaea
|publication_place=24: 582. 1851
}}
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Cyperaceae;Carex;Carex sect. Granulares
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cyperaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Carex]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Carex sect. Granulares]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 23
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism size or length;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form"><b>Plants </b>cespitose or not, short to long rhizomatous, sometimes inconspicuously rhizomatous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="culm architecture or arrangement or growth form;culm coloration"><b>Culms </b>sometimes solitary, brown at base.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="basal sheath texture"><b>Leaves:</b> basal sheaths not fibrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="sheath front texture">sheath fronts membranous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade shape;adaxial side prominence;lateral-vein quantity;lateral-vein prominence;widest leaf width;widest leaf pubescence">blades M-shaped in cross-section when young, adaxial side of blade with 2 lateral-veins more prominent than midvein, widest leaves not more than 10 mm wide, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence arrangement;spike atypical quantity;spike quantity"><b>Inflorescences </b>racemose, with (2–) 3–6 spikes;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="proximal nonbasal bract architecture or shape;proximal nonbasal bract architecture or shape;sheath some measurement;sheath length or size;stem character">proximal nonbasal bracts leaflike, long-sheathing, sheath more than 4 mm, longer than diameter of stem;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="lateral spike architecture;lateral spike reproduction;lateral spike position or shape;lateral spike quantity;spike architecture;spike architecture;spike architecture">lateral spikes pistillate or androgynous, rarely distal 1–3 spikes staminate, sometimes some basal, pedunculate, prophyllate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="terminal spike architecture">terminal spike staminate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="proximal scale architecture;proximal scale shape;proximal scale shape;proximal scale shape;proximal scale shape;apex shape"><b>Proximal </b>pistillate scales with apex acute, acuminate, or short-awned.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="perigynium orientation;perigynium coloration;perigynium coloration;perigynium coloration;streak coloration or relief;streak architecture;streak architecture;streak shape;streak shape;streak shape;streak shape;base shape;apex shape;apex architecture or shape;apex pubescence"><b>Perigynia </b>ascending to spreading, minute redbrown or yellowish streaks and dots, distinctly veined, sessile, ellipsoid or rhomboid to broadly ovoid, obovoid, or subglobose, obscurely trigonous to round in cross-section, base rounded, apex rounded, abruptly beaked, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="beak some measurement;orifice architecture;tooth some measurement">beak 0.1–0.9 mm, orifice entire to minutely bidentulate, teeth 0–0.3 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="stigma quantity"><b>Stigmas </b>3.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="achene shape;achene size"><b>Achenes </b>trigonous, smaller than bodies of perigynia;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="style duration">style deciduous.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Temperate and subtropical regions of North America;s Mexico;Central America (Guatemala)
|discussion=<p>Species 6 (4 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Carex sect. Granulares is a monophyletic section diagnosed by at least three apormorphies: red-brown or yellowish cells scattered in the epidermis of the perigynia, often 25 or more perigynia per well-developed lateral spike, and perigynia loosely enveloping the achenes (R. F. C. Naczi 1992, 1997). Recent phylogenetic analyses indicate section Granulares is the sister group of a clade composed of sections Careyanae and Griseae (R. F. C. Naczi 1992).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants with short or inconspicuous rhizomes; culms in tufts; terminal spike and distal lateral spike usually overlapping; proximal spikes usually arising from distal 1/2 of culms.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants with long-creeping rhizomes; culms mostly solitary; terminal spike and distal lateral spike (unless staminate) usually separated; proximal spikes usually arising from proximal 1/2 of culms.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves green, not glaucous; longest bract blade (per plant) of distal lateral spike 1.6–4.6(–7.1) cm; ligule of proximal bract 0.5–6.5 mm; perigynia (1.6–)1.9–3 times as long as thick.
|[[Carex gholsonii|Carex gholsonii]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves not green, usually glaucous; longest bract blade (per plant) of distal lateral spike 4.1–15.8 cm; ligule of proximal bract (2–)3–17.5(–26) mm; perigynia 1.4–2.2(–2.4) times as long as thick.
|[[Carex granularis|Carex granularis]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Staminate scales with apex acute to awned; widest leaves 2.8–8.3 mm wide; perigynium beak 0.3–0.9 mm.
|[[Carex microdonta|Carex microdonta]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Staminate scales with apex rounded to obtuse; widest leaves 1.8–3(–4.4) mm wide; perigynium beak 0.1–0.3 mm.
|[[Carex crawei|Carex crawei]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Carex sect. Granulares
|author=Theodore S. Cochrane;Robert F. C. Naczi
|authority=(O. Lang) Mackenzie in N. L. Britton et al.
|rank=section
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=Granulares
|family=Cyperaceae
|distribution=Temperate and subtropical regions of North America;s Mexico;Central America (Guatemala)
|reference=None
|publication title=in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl.
|publication year=1935
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V23/V23_808.xml
|genus=Carex
|section=Carex sect. Granulares
|achene shape=trigonous
|achene size=smaller
|adaxial side prominence=more prominent
|apex architecture or shape=beaked
|apex pubescence=glabrous
|apex shape=rounded;acute
|basal sheath texture=not fibrous
|base shape=rounded
|beak some measurement=0.1mm;0.9mm
|blade shape=m--shaped
|culm architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|culm coloration=brown
|inflorescence arrangement=racemose
|lateral spike architecture=pistillate
|lateral spike position or shape=distal
|lateral spike quantity=1;3
|lateral spike reproduction=androgynous
|lateral-vein prominence=more prominent
|lateral-vein quantity=2
|orifice architecture=entire;minutely bidentulate
|perigynium coloration=yellowish;redbrown;minute
|perigynium orientation=ascending;spreading
|proximal nonbasal bract architecture or shape=long-sheathing;leaflike
|proximal scale architecture=pistillate
|proximal scale shape=short-awned;acuminate;short-awned;acuminate
|sheath front texture=membranous
|sheath length or size=longer
|spike architecture=prophyllate;pedunculate;staminate
|spike atypical quantity=2;3
|spike quantity=3;6
|stem character=diameter
|stigma quantity=3
|streak architecture=sessile;veined
|streak coloration or relief=dots
|streak shape=rhomboid;broadly ovoid obovoid or subglobose obscurely trigonous
|style duration=deciduous
|terminal spike architecture=staminate
|tooth some measurement=0mm;0.3mm
|whole_organism architecture=rhizomatous;rhizomatous
|whole_organism growth form=plant;not;cespitose
|whole_organism size or length=short to long
|widest leaf pubescence=glabrous
}}<!--

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