View source for Crataegus iracunda

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Crataegus iracunda
|accepted_authority=Beadle
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Biltmore Bot. Stud.
|place=1: 124. 1902
|year=1902
}}
|common_names=Passionate hawthorn
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Crataegus drymophila
|authority=Sargent
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=C. iracunda var. silvicola
|authority=E. J. Palmer
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Rosaceae;Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae;Rosaceae tribe Gillenieae;Crataegus;Crataegus sect. Coccineae;Crataegus (sect. Coccineae) ser. Tenuifoliae;Crataegus iracunda
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rosaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Rosaceae tribe Gillenieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Crataegus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Crataegus sect. Coccineae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>series</small>[[Crataegus (sect. Coccineae) ser. Tenuifoliae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Crataegus iracunda]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 9
|mention_page=page 562, 564, 569, 572, 573, 591
|treatment_page=page 563
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism some measurement;whole_organism growth form"><b>Shrubs </b>or trees, 30–80 dm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="growth life cycle;growth coloration;growth pubescence;growth life cycle;growth depth;growth coloration;growth life cycle"><b>Stems:</b> twigs: new growth greenish, glabrous, 1-year old deep reddish-brown, 2-years old grayer;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="thorn coloration;thorn coloration;thorn reflectance;thorn size;thorn some measurement;twig coloration">thorns on twigs 2-years old blackish or dark gray, shiny, slender, 2.5–4 cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="petiole length"><b>Leaves:</b> petiole length 40–50% blade, eglandular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade shape;blade atypical some measurement;blade some measurement;blade l w ratio;blade size;base shape;lobe quantity;sinuse depth;lobe apex quantity;margin architecture or shape;tooth architecture;tooth some measurement;tooth duration;tooth architecture;vein quantity;vein quantity;apex shape;abaxial surface pubescence;adaxial surface pubescence;adaxial surface life cycle">blade ovate to ovate-deltate, 2–4 (–5) cm, 1.2–1.4 times as long as wide, 40–60% mature size at anthesis, base broadly rounded to subtruncate or subcordate, lobes 4 per side, sinuses moderately shallow, lobe apex ca. 90 at tip, often less, margins serrate, teeth regular, 0.5–1 mm, with minute, caducous gland-tipped, veins 3 or 4 (or 5) per side, apex acute, abaxial surface glabrous except along veins, adaxial finely appressed-pubescent young.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>4–10-flowered;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="branch pubescence">branches glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="bracteole quantity;bracteole arrangement or course or shape">bracteoles few, ± linear.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="flower diameter"><b>Flowers </b>12–15 mm diam.;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="hypanthium pubescence">hypanthium glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="sepal some measurement;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape;margin pubescence">sepals 4–5 mm, margins ± entire or slightly glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="stamen quantity;anther coloration">stamens 10, anthers pink to purple;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="style quantity">styles 3–5.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="pome coloration;pome coloration;pome shape;pome diameter"><b>Pomes </b>orange to red, or blotched green, suborbicular, 8–10 mm diam.;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="sepal orientation">sepals spreading;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="pyrene quantity;pyrene architecture">pyrenes 3–5, dorsally grooved.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Apr; fruiting Sep–Oct.
|habitat=Open woodlands, brush, fencerows, cutovers
|elevation=20–300 m
|distribution=Ala.;Ga.;La.;Miss.;N.C.;S.C.;Va.
|discussion=<p>Crataegus iracunda ranges from Louisiana to South Carolina and Georgia, and to Virginia, but only at low altitudes. Nearly all records of C. iracunda north of the listed distribution are referable to C. macrosperma or to various species in ser. Populneae.</p><!--
--><p>The distinguishing features of Crataegus iracunda are most evident when it is in flower. The species can be construed as a smaller, more southern, allopatric relative of C. macrosperma distinguished by smaller leaves (particularly at anthesis), more slender thorns, and harder, drier pomes. Its distribution is almost wholly to the south of or in Appalachia, at lower elevations than C. macrosperma. The nearest records of C. macrosperma to the Louisiana populations of C. iracunda are from the Arkansas Ozarks.</p><!--
--><p>Crataegus iracunda has been confused with C. gattingeri (ser. Pruinosae) but is readily distinguished in flower by adaxial leaf pubescence, stamen number, and by lacking the usually attenuate terminal leaf lobes of the latter. However, in fruit, unless the filament bases can be counted, one is left with the less reliable feature of the terminal lobe shape. Confusion with the larger-leaved C. populnea (ser. Populneae) is perhaps possible, but the two species are essentially allopatric and their leaves differ markedly in size and texture.</p><!--
--><p>Earlier attempts to segregate varieties based on leaf size are not taken up here but may have merit as the relatively numerous Louisiana (Crataegus drymophila) form has much smaller leaves than North Carolina specimens.</p><!--
--><p>Variety brumalis (Ashe) Kruschke (Crataegus brumalis Ashe) with syntype material from near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is a different entity. Compared to C. iracunda, it has larger and differently shaped (often more or less truncate-based) leaves, proportionately larger at anthesis, and adaxially subglabrous, conspicuously glandular petioles, and larger flowers. This taxon (as a variety of C. iracunda) is primarily responsible for the northwards extension of the range of the latter species. In fact, north of the Mason-Dixon line, most of the specimens attributed to C. brumalis seen by the author appear to be forms of C. macrosperma.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Crataegus iracunda
|authority=Beadle
|rank=species
|parent rank=series
|synonyms=Crataegus drymophila;C. iracunda var. silvicola
|basionyms=
|family=Rosaceae
|phenology=Flowering Apr; fruiting Sep–Oct.
|habitat=Open woodlands, brush, fencerows, cutovers
|elevation=20–300 m
|distribution=Ala.;Ga.;La.;Miss.;N.C.;S.C.;Va.
|reference=None
|publication title=Biltmore Bot. Stud.
|publication year=1902
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V9/V9_954.xml
|subfamily=Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae
|tribe=Rosaceae tribe Gillenieae
|genus=Crataegus
|section=Crataegus sect. Coccineae
|series=Crataegus (sect. Coccineae) ser. Tenuifoliae
|species=Crataegus iracunda
|abaxial surface pubescence=glabrous
|adaxial surface life cycle=young
|adaxial surface pubescence=appressed-pubescent
|anther coloration=pink;purple
|apex shape=acute
|base shape=broadly rounded;subtruncate or subcordate
|blade atypical some measurement=4cm;5cm
|blade l w ratio=1.2-1.4
|blade shape=ovate;ovate-deltate
|blade size=mature
|blade some measurement=2cm;4cm
|bracteole arrangement or course or shape=linear
|bracteole quantity=few
|branch pubescence=glabrous
|flower diameter=12mm;15mm
|growth coloration=reddish-brown;greenish
|growth depth=deep
|growth life cycle=old;old;new
|growth pubescence=glabrous
|hypanthium pubescence=glabrous
|inflorescence architecture=4-10-flowered
|lobe apex quantity=90
|lobe quantity=4
|margin architecture or shape=glandular-serrate;entire;serrate
|margin pubescence=glabrous
|petiole length=eglandular
|pome coloration=orange;red or blotched green
|pome diameter=8mm;10mm
|pome shape=suborbicular
|pyrene architecture=grooved
|pyrene quantity=3;5
|sepal orientation=spreading
|sepal some measurement=4mm;5mm
|sinuse depth=shallow
|stamen quantity=10
|style quantity=3;5
|thorn coloration=dark gray;blackish
|thorn reflectance=shiny
|thorn size=slender
|thorn some measurement=2.5cm;4cm
|tooth architecture=gland-tipped;regular
|tooth duration=caducous
|tooth some measurement=0.5mm;1mm
|twig coloration=old
|vein quantity=4;3
|whole_organism growth form=tree;shrub
|whole_organism some measurement=30dm;80dm
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Crataegus (sect. Coccineae) ser. Tenuifoliae]]