View source for Eleocharis subg. Zinserlingia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Eleocharis subg. Zinserlingia
|accepted_authority=T. V. Egorova
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast.
|place=18: 101. 1981
|year=1981
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Eleocharis sect. Baeothryon
|authority=(Gray) S. González & P. M. Peterson
|rank=section
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Scirpus sect. Baeothyron
|authority=Gray
|rank=section
}}
|hierarchy=Cyperaceae;Eleocharis;Eleocharis subg. Zinserlingia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cyperaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Eleocharis]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Eleocharis subg. Zinserlingia]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 23
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form;spikelet life cycle;culm architecture"><b>Plants </b>perennial, never with spikelets proliferating or culms rooting at tips.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="rhizome presence;rhizome growth form or orientation"><b>Rhizomes </b>present, creeping.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="bulb presence;rhizome height or length or size"><b>Bulbs </b>(resting buds) often present, terminating short rhizomes or among culm bases.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="culm length;culm atypical width;culm width;culm texture;septum dehiscence or orientation;septum architecture"><b>Culms </b>5–40 cm × 0.3–1.2 (–2.5) mm, spongy, transverse septa incomplete.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="spikelet shape;spikelet shape;spikelet shape;spikelet width;spikelet some measurement"><b>Spikelets </b>ovoid or oblong, terete, usually much wider than their culms, 3–10 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="rachillum width;proximal internode quantity;proximal internode height or length or size">rachilla with several proximal internodes shorter and thicker than internodes in middle of spikelet;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="flower position;flower architecture">proximal scale subtending a flower or empty;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="floral scale quantity;floral scale arrangement;floral scale some measurement;floral scale texture;vein quantity">floral scales ca. 4–12 per spikelet, spiraled, 2.5–6 mm, with 1 vein, membranous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="style shape;style shape;style shape;style shape;style shape"><b>Styles </b>3-fid, or 3-fid and 2-fid.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="achene shape;achene shape;achene shape;achene shape;achene shape;achene shape;achene some measurement;achene architecture or pubescence or relief;achene shape;beak fusion;epidermal-cell wall orientation;reticulum width;reticulum coloration"><b>Achenes </b>trigonous, or trigonous and biconvex, usually distally narrowed into a distinct beak, 1.5–2.7 mm, smooth or finely longitudinally ridged, the outer anticlinal epidermal-cell walls often forming a fine whitish reticulum.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="tubercle coloration"><b>Tubercles </b>often merging with achene summit in form, texture, and color, not dorsoventrally greatly compressed.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Temperate and boreal North America;South America (Argentina);South America (Chile);Eurasia
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 8 (4 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The species of Eleocharis subg. Zinserlingia appear to be restricted to specialized, mostly groundwater-fed, often calcareous fens and other habitats. The achene beak is often interpreted as the tubercle because the tubercle often merges with and is difficult to distinguish from the achene apex. On the basis of similar form and color of the achene apex and tubercle, H. K. Svenson (1957) grouped in ser. Pauciflorae (Beauverd) Svenson all of the species that are here segregated into 8c. Eleocharis subg. Zinserlingia, 8a1a. E. ser. Rostellatae, and 8a3. E. sect. Parvulae, following M. S. González-E. and P. M. Peterson (1997).</p><!--
--><p>All North American plants of Eleocharis subg. Zinserlingia were placed in E. pauciflora (Lightfoot) Link by H. K. Svenson (1957). Pending a much-needed worldwide revision, the treatment herein is based on the partial revision for North America by S. G. Smith (2001).</p><!--
--><p>Vegetative reproduction in species of Eleocharis subg. Zinserlingia should be studied. The rhizomes are rather short and weak, and they are not evident on most specimens. The structures herein called bulbs are present on only about ten percent of North American and European herbarium specimens I have seen; bulbs are present on most collections from some populations in the Southwest. The bulbs were called “resting buds” by S.-O. Strandhede and R. M. T. Dahlgren (1968), who described and illustrated them for E. quinqueflora in Scandinavia. Bulbs or resting buds are not mentioned in major Eurasian floras (S. M. Walters 1980; I. D. Zinserling 1935), and it is not clear that they are produced by all Eurasian populations that are currently treated as E. quinqueflora. Bulbs vary greatly in size and shape, and they are tunicated with papery scales. Because the bases of some culm tufts of specimens of E. quinqueflora are slightly to greatly swollen (bulbous) and are tunicated by papery, two-veined, fibrous scales (prophylls) like those on the bulbs (but often longer), it seems likely that these bulbous-based culm tufts have developed from bulbs. With the exception of some high-elevation populations of E. quinqueflora in California, specimens with bulbs or bulbous culm-tuft bases do not have the well developed, hard caudices that are characteristic of the North American E. suksdorfiana, E. bernardina, and E. torticulmis, in all of which the terminal buds of the rhizomes are enlarged and are not known to form resting bulbs. Although bulbs are present on only a small percentage of herbarium specimens, most specimens of E. quinqueflora in North America can be identified using the presence of bulbous culm-tuft bases, the absence of well-developed, hard caudices, and/or spikelets with a flower in the axil of the proximal scale.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  <h3 class="treatment-key-header" id="key-0">Key to the species of Eleocharis subg. Zinserlingia</h3>
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Caudices absent, or if present then not more than 0.5 mm thick, soft, very rarely hard, proximal scale of all or some spikelets with a flower, seldom empty in all spikelets; culms 0.2–0.5(–0.9) mm wide; culm tufts often proximally bulbous; resting buds (bulbs) often present on rhizomes or among culm bases.
|[[Eleocharis quinqueflora|Eleocharis quinqueflora]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Caudices present, 1–2(–3) mm thick, hard; proximal scale of all spikelets usually empty; culms 0.5–1.2(–2.5) mm wide; culm tufts not proximally bulbous; resting buds (bulbs) on rhizomes absent (non-resting buds often present).
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Culms greatly compressed, 1.5–2.5 mm wide, 3–4 times wider than thick, mostly spirally twisted, markedly obliquely contracted near spikelet.
|[[Eleocharis torticulmis|Eleocharis torticulmis]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Culms subterete to slightly compressed, 0.5–1.2 mm wide, not more than 2 times wider than thick, not spirally twisted, not contracted near spikelet.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Culms markedly arching; perianth bristles very unequal in same flower, some shorter than 1/2 of achene length and smooth.
|[[Eleocharis bernardina|Eleocharis bernardina]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Culms erect; perianth bristles all equaling achene to exceeding tubercle, spinulose.
|[[Eleocharis suksdorfiana|Eleocharis suksdorfiana]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Eleocharis subg. Zinserlingia
|authority=T. V. Egorova
|rank=subgenus
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Eleocharis sect. Baeothryon;Scirpus sect. Baeothyron
|basionyms=
|family=Cyperaceae
|distribution=Temperate and boreal North America;South America (Argentina);South America (Chile);Eurasia
|reference=None
|publication title=Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast.
|publication year=1981
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V23/V23_171.xml
|genus=Eleocharis
|subgenus=Eleocharis subg. Zinserlingia
|achene architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|achene shape=ridged;narrowed;biconvex;trigonous;trigonous;trigonous;trigonous
|achene some measurement=1.5mm;2.7mm
|beak fusion=distinct
|bulb presence=absent
|culm architecture=rooting
|culm atypical width=1.2mm;2.5mm
|culm length=5cm;40cm
|culm texture=spongy
|culm width=0.3mm;1.2mm
|epidermal-cell wall orientation=anticlinal
|floral scale arrangement=spiraled
|floral scale quantity=4;12
|floral scale some measurement=2.5mm;6mm
|floral scale texture=membranous
|flower architecture=empty
|flower position=subtending
|proximal internode height or length or size=shorter
|proximal internode quantity=several
|rachillum width=shorter and thicker
|reticulum coloration=whitish
|reticulum width=fine
|rhizome growth form or orientation=creeping
|rhizome height or length or size=short
|rhizome presence=absent
|septum architecture=incomplete
|septum dehiscence or orientation=transverse
|spikelet life cycle=proliferating
|spikelet shape=terete;oblong;ovoid
|spikelet some measurement=3mm;10mm
|spikelet width=usually much wider
|style shape=2-fid;3-fid;3-fid;3-fid;3-fid
|tubercle coloration=compressed
|vein quantity=1
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=plant
}}<!--

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