View source for Scirpus georgianus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Scirpus georgianus
|accepted_authority=R. M. Harper
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
|place=27: 331. 1900
|year=1900
}}
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Scirpus atrovirens var. georgianus
|authority=(R. M. Harper) Fernald
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Cyperaceae;Scirpus;Scirpus georgianus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cyperaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Scirpus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Scirpus georgianus]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 23
|mention_page=page 5, 10, 11, 12, 15
|treatment_page=page 13
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form"><b>Plants </b>cespitose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="rhizome height or length or size;rhizome fragility;rhizome texture">rhizomes short, tough, fibrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="culm reproduction;culm orientation;culm orientation"><b>Culms:</b> fertile ones upright or reclining;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="">nodes without axillary bulblets.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf quantity"><b>Leaves </b>6–12 per culm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="leaf sheath coloration;leaf sheath coloration">sheaths of proximal leaves green or brownish;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="proximal sheath prominence;proximal blade prominence;septum quantity">proximal sheaths and blades with septa few-to-many, usually not conspicuous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="blade length;blade width">blades 19–50 cm × 6–13 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="ray orientation;ray arrangement;proximal branch architecture or pubescence or relief;distal branch relief;distal branch relief">rays ascending or divaricate (often both in the same inflorescence), proximal branches smooth, distal branches scabrous or scabrellous, rays often bearing axillary bulblets;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="involucral-bract base coloration;margin coloration;margin coloration;margin coloration;margin coating">bases of involucral-bracts green, margins brown or at least speckled with redbrown, not glutinous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="spikelet architecture;spikelet shape;spikelet length;spikelet width"><b>Spikelets </b>in clusters of 4–35 (largest cluster with 16 or more), spikelets sessile, ovoid, 2–4 × 1–2 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="scale coloration;scale coloration;scale arrangement or shape;scale some measurement;midrib coloration;apex shape;mucro some measurement">scales brown or blackish brown with pale midribs, elliptic, 1–1.8 mm, apex mucronate, mucro 0.1–0.3 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="perianth bristle duration;perianth bristle quantity;perianth bristle size;perianth bristle course;perianth bristle course;perianth bristle height or length or size;perianth bristle architecture or pubescence or relief;perianth bristle architecture or pubescence or relief;tooth architecture;tooth orientation"><b>Flowers:</b> perianth bristles persistent when present, 0–3, slender, straight or curved, much shorter than (rarely to 0.7 times as long as) achene, smooth or rarely with round-tipped, retrorse teeth near apex, enclosed within scales;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="style shape">styles 3-fid.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="achene coloration;achene coloration;achene shape;achene shape;achene shape;achene shape;achene length;achene width;2n chromosome quantity;2n chromosome quantity;2n chromosome quantity"><b>Achenes </b>pale-brown to almost white, elliptic or obovate in outline, plumply trigonous or planoconvex, 0.6–1.2 × 0.4–0.5 mm. <b>2n</b> = 50, 52, 54.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Fruiting late spring–early summer (Jun–Jul).
|habitat=Moist meadows, marshes, ditches
|elevation=0–600 m
|distribution=Ont.;P.E.I.;Ala.;Ark.;Conn.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.;New Zealand
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>In the northern part of its range, Scirpus georgianus occurs in disjunct localities. It is found as far north as Prince Edward Island; it seldom grows in New England. It is unknown from Michigan; it occurs in northern Wisconsin. The species is probably a recent introduction in at least some of these disjunct localities. Most old reports of S. atrovirens var. georgianus from the northeastern United States and eastern Canada are based on specimens of S. hattorianus.</p><!--
--><p>The three cytotypes of Scirpus georgianus are identical morphologically; they seem to occur in slightly different habitats (A. E. Schuyler 1976).</p><!--
--><p>Scirpus georgianus is distinctive in having the perianth bristles absent or rudimentary (seldom more than 0.2 times as long as achene and usually smooth). Rarely, a few achenes will be found with bristles up to 0.75 times as long as achene and with a few barbs near the tip. Such plants have been confused with S. hattorianus in the past. Scirpus georgianus differs in having fewer bristles (never more than three per achene, and usually only one well developed) and in the bristles either being smooth or having the barbs confined to the extreme tip. In addition, S. georgianus differs from S. hattorianus in having less black pigmentation in the scales (thus the heads tend to appear brownish, not blackish).</p><!--
--><p>In Scirpus georgianus, as in other species of Scirpus, the filaments often persist long after the anthers have been shed, and specimens of S. georgianus are sometimes misnamed because the filaments are mistaken for perianth bristles. Only three filaments per flower occur and they are thicker than the bristles and never toothed or barbed.</p><!--
--><p>Scirpus georgianus occasionally hybridizes with S. atrovirens and S. hattorianus.</p><!--
--><p>Scirpus georgianus, S. flaccidifolius, S. hattorianus, S. atrovirens, and S. pallidus differ only in minute characteristics, and it may be necessary to compare specimens of them in order to make reliable identifications. Despite their close morphologic similarities, their characteristics are reasonably consistent even in areas where they coexist and occasionally hybridize.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Scirpus georgianus
|authority=R. M. Harper
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Scirpus atrovirens var. georgianus
|basionyms=
|family=Cyperaceae
|phenology=Fruiting late spring–early summer (Jun–Jul).
|habitat=Moist meadows, marshes, ditches
|elevation=0–600 m
|distribution=Ont.;P.E.I.;Ala.;Ark.;Conn.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.;New Zealand
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
|publication year=1900
|special status=Illustrated;Endemic
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V23/V23_6.xml
|genus=Scirpus
|species=Scirpus georgianus
|2n chromosome quantity=54;52;50
|achene coloration=white;pale-brown to almost
|achene length=0.6mm;1.2mm
|achene shape=planoconvex;trigonous;obovate;elliptic
|achene width=0.4mm;0.5mm
|apex shape=mucronate
|blade length=19cm;50cm
|blade width=6mm;13mm
|culm orientation=reclining;upright
|culm reproduction=fertile
|distal branch relief=scabrellous;scabrous
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
|involucral-bract base coloration=green
|leaf quantity=6;12
|leaf sheath coloration=brownish;green
|margin coating=not glutinous
|margin coloration=speckled with redbrown;at-least;brown
|midrib coloration=pale
|mucro some measurement=0.1mm;0.3mm
|perianth bristle architecture or pubescence or relief=rarely;smooth
|perianth bristle course=curved;straight
|perianth bristle duration=persistent
|perianth bristle height or length or size=much shorter
|perianth bristle quantity=0;3
|perianth bristle size=slender
|proximal blade prominence=conspicuous
|proximal branch architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
|proximal sheath prominence=conspicuous
|ray arrangement=divaricate
|ray orientation=ascending
|rhizome fragility=tough
|rhizome height or length or size=short
|rhizome texture=fibrous
|scale arrangement or shape=elliptic
|scale coloration=blackish brown;brown
|scale some measurement=1mm;1.8mm
|septum quantity=few;many
|spikelet architecture=sessile
|spikelet length=2mm;4mm
|spikelet shape=ovoid
|spikelet width=1mm;2mm
|style shape=3-fid
|tooth architecture=round-tipped
|tooth orientation=retrorse
|whole_organism growth form=plant;cespitose
}}<!--

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