John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants on rock, occasionally terrestrial or epiphytic. Stems creeping, usually branched, 3–15 mm diam
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or adnate to petiole; blade flat, terete, or triquetrous (3-angled), occasionally scalelike. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, flowers solitary or in
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mats, green, brown, yellowish, olive green, less often blackish brown or occasionally jet-black. Stems erect, decumbent or creeping, much dichotomously to
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at first, pubescence not recorded, 1-year old dull redbrown, marked by occasional large, oblong lenticels, 2-years old light gray-brown; thorns on twigs
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tips), glabrous; spines at nodes (1–) 3, 4–11 mm; prickles on internodes occasional. Leaves: petiole 1–2.5 cm, pilose and with long-stalked glands, proximal
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nonlustrous, thin, with occasional glands, lacking cilia, with 1–2-celled translucent projections on teeth. Vein tips occasionally enlarged to form whitish
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granulose-papillose papillose. Phenology: Capsules mature spring–summer. Habitat: Soil, occasional saline soil, clay Elevation: moderate to high elevations (500-3900 m)
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papillae 1 or 2 per cell, conic, small. Specialized asexual reproduction occasional, by gemmae on leaves. Sexual condition autoicous. Vaginula with hairs
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glabrous. Pinnules entire or broadly crenate; margins nonlustrous, thin, with occasional isolated cilia, lacking translucent projections. Vein tips often enlarged
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perigynous; hypanthium cup or disc-shaped; sepals (4–) 5, distinct, green, occasionally purple-tinged (S. irrigua) or red proximally (S. pallida), lanceolate
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Leaves usually spirally arranged, forming water-impounding rosette, occasionally lax and/or 2-ranked, simple, margins serrate or entire, trichomes nearly
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green, usually hidden but occasionally exposed and forming visible green star at adaxial base of perianth; sepals 3, occasionally ridged abaxially, 3.1–12
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excurrent as an apiculus, mucro or short awn, occasionally only percurrent, adaxial outgrowths occasionally present as a pad of enlarged parenchymatous cells
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usually borne in alternating cycles; hardened scales and phyllopodia occasionally surrounding leaves. Sporangia solitary, adaxial, embedded in basal cavity
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perennial, deciduous, synoecious [dioecious]; hairs unbranched or 2-armed (occasionally 1 arm absent). Leaves usually opposite, sometimes alternate, simple;
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patch, sometimes proximal 2/3 white-indurate (apices occasionally squarrose, obtuse or acute, occasionally mucronate), faces glabrous or densely villous to
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except Chaenactis macrantha, C. cusickii, and C. nevii appear to form occasional natural hybrids where sympatric. Chaenactis macrantha and C. cusickii
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acuminate; costa not reaching apex to long-excurrent, awn present, apiculus occasionally present, guide cells usually in 1 layer; alar cells quadrate; laminal
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glands that senesce into white flakes. Leaves simple, usually alternate, occasionally opposite, lacking stipules, petiolate or sessile, sometimes reduced to
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differentiated to ovate or rectangular, occasionally half-sheathing; distal margins usually sharply incurved, occasionally merely erect, seldom plane, entire;
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