brown scales, thin, loose cortex, easily detatched when dry. Culms brown or black at base. Leaves: basal sheaths eventually fibrous; sheath fronts membranous
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3–8 (–12) cm. Stems dark reddish-brown. Leaves green, reddish-brown, or black when old, erect-spreading, ± flat, not strongly reflexed when moist, broadly
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appressed stellate-pubescent, explosively dehiscent. Seeds 2 per capsule, black, glossy, bony, not winged. x = 12. Temperate regions, e North America, e
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maturing in 2 years, shedding seeds and mostly falling soon thereafter, nearly symmetric, narrowly ovoid or lanceoloid before opening, broadly ovoid to
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to other staminodes. Capsules ellipsoid to nearly globose, 1.5–3 × 1.5–2 cm. Seeds black, globose to nearly globose, 5–8 × 4–6.7 mm diam. 2n = 18. Phenology:
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often forked; crown conic to raggedly lobed, sparse. Bark dark-brown to near black, irregularly and deeply furrowed, ridges irregularly rectangular or blocky
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ovoid or narrowly ovoid, 2–6 × 1–3 mm; scales black with green midribs, ovate or broadly rounded-ovate to nearly triangular or broadly triangular, 1–2.2 mm
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5–13 mm, base rounded or hastately to cuneately narrowed to petiole, margin nearly always entire (some hastate), apex acute or rounded, rarely obtuse, glabrous
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gray-brown, rough. Buds ovoid, redbrown, 0.5–1cm, resinous; scale margins nearly entire. Leaves 2 per fascicle, spreading or ascending, persisting 2–3 years
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oblong to lanceolate or oblanceolate, margins flat, sharply serrate to nearly entire, venation pinnate, surfaces glabrous or hairy, sometimes glaucous
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red-banded. Leaves: stipules 1.5–4 mm; petiole 1/2–3/4 blade; blade cordate to nearly reniform, 6–14 cm, usually unlobed but sometimes 3-shouldered or deeply
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stipules less than 1 mm; petiole 1/2–3/4 blade; blade broadly cordate to nearly reniform, 4–12 cm, usually unlobed, sometimes 3-shouldered, infrequently
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distinctly coriaceous, base truncate to subcordate, margins serrulate to nearly entire, apex obtuse to truncate or rounded, both surfaces minutely puberulous
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bicolored, narrowly lanceolate, largest scales 0.3–0.8 mm wide, centers black, thick, margins brown, thin, irregularly dentate. Leaves monomorphic, widely
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before opening, broadly ovoid when open, (4–) 6–10cm, gray to pale redbrown, nearly sessile or on stalks to 1cm; apophyses thickened, diamond-shaped, strongly
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Leaves: stipules 2–5.5 mm; petiole 1/2 blade; blade usually cordate, sometimes nearly reniform, 5–15 cm, usually 3-shouldered to very shallowly 3-lobed, apex
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Treatment on page 106. Mentioned on page 103, 107, 551. Plants brown to black. Leaves erect-spreading, occasionally secund, broadly subulate from an ovate
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photosynthetic; bases thickened, brown, persistent, becoming hard, enlarged, and black; apex setaceous. Pollen cones 2–several at node, obovoid, 5–7 mm, sessile;
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glaucous; scales 3–5 pairs, smooth, umbo nearly flat at maturity. Seeds 3–4 (–5) mm, dark-brown to jet black, sometimes slightly glaucous. Habitat: Coastal
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fewer than 100 leaves. Leaf-blade lanceolate, straight, slightly concave, nearly flattened, widest at middle, 25–60 × 1–2 (–2.5) cm, rigid, slightly glaucous
6 KB (518 words) - 06:11, 30 July 2020