Perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 10–100+ cm. Leaf-blades obovate or oblong to elliptic or oblanceolate, 30–50 (–100+) × 10–20 (–40+) mm, margins entire
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tall). Leaves: blade shallowly to prominently lobed. Pedicels (fruiting) 3–35+ cm, frequently recurved. Flowers radially symmetric or slightly bilaterally symmetric
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much-branched, 5–40 cm; internodes glabrous distally, scabrous proximally. Leaves: sheath 1 mm or less, ± as long as wide; blade 1-veined, linear, 5–20 (–30) mm, margins
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Leaf-blades 30–70 × 10–15 (–20) mm, reduced distally, membranous, bases auriculate-clasping, apices acuminate. Heads 1–15 per branch. Peduncles 1–4 cm, densely
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Volume 21. Treatment on page 507. Mentioned on page 461. Perennials, 20–60 [–200] cm (plants ± viscid). Stems erect, simple or branched from bases or ± throughout
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21. Treatment on page 126. Mentioned on page 65, 66. Perennials, mostly 30–200 cm. Stems prostrate, branched ± throughout (rooting at nodes, usually ± succulent)
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on page 338. Mentioned on page 264, 339. Annuals (or biennials?), 3.5–30 (–50) cm; taprooted. Stems erect to ascending, hirsutulous (hairs upcurved), usually
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15–48 cm × 0.4–1 mm, glabrous. Leaves flat, 10–30 cm × 0.5–2 mm. Inflorescences: spikes rather densely ovoid, 1–3.5 cm; rays 0 (sometimes 1–4), 1–6 cm; rachis
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Involucres campanulate to hemispheric 15–30+ mm diam. Outer phyllaries oblong to lanceolate or lance-linear, (12–) 30–40 (–60) mm, usually much surpassing inner
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cluster to 1.75 m. Sterile leaves oblanceolate, 30–130 × 12–25 cm. Petiole of sterile leaf black, 4.5–46 cm, flattened at base, becoming deeply grooved distally
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Mentioned on page 231, 234, 240, 241, 243, 247, 248. Perennials, (5–) 16–40 (–70) cm; taprooted. Stems 1–50+, decumbent to erect (sometimes brown or reddish-brown
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FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 58. Mentioned on page 19, 20, 23, 57, 59, 60, 62, 64, 69, 71, 73. Herbs, perennial, subscapose or leafy-stemmed, 1–12 dm
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distance of 40 cm in the laboratory. R. M. Weber (1979) reported a maximum dispersal distance of 30 cm for C. iowense in the field and 45 cm in the laboratory
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rhombic-spatulate, broadest above middle, abruptly tapering to base, 18-25 (-30) × 7.8-14 cm, base deeply cordate to auriculate, or somewhat truncate, apex acute
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oblanceolate, broadest near middle, gradually tapering to base, 20-30 (-60) × 8-16 (-27) cm, base deeply cordate or auriculate to somewhat truncate, apex obtuse
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to grow in 1 plane, not equilateral, falcate, 12–30 cm, not reticulate, copiously armed; areoles 1–3+ cm apart, obdeltate, 3 × 1.5 mm; wool tan, encircled
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Mentioned on page 60. Plants subscapose. Stems 10–45 cm, downy to pilose, hairs 0.1–3 mm, sometimes septate-glandular. Leaves: basal 4–30 cm, blade interruptedly
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sterile culms; densely cespitose, without obvious rhizomes. Culms (30) 45-55 (60) cm, unbranched, smooth beneath the panicles; nodes 1-3. Sheaths and collars
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cm; 2d order rays 5–15 cm; bracts 10–12, ascending at 30–60°, flat, (8–) 20–45 cm × 4–12 mm; 2d order bracts (5–) 15–25 cm × 1.5–5 mm; rachilla persistent
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scape to 15 cm. Flowers: sepals ca. 1 cm; petals white or pinkish, oblong to oblanceolate, 15-30 mm; style to 3 mm. Capsules fusiform, 35-60 mm, glabrous
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