Volume 20. Treatment on page 552. Mentioned on page 546. Perennials, (5–) 10–60 cm (rhizomatous or with branched caudices). Herbage (often purplish-tinged)
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 60. Mentioned on page 52. Plants 10–30 cm. Stems erect to ascending, green when young, soon reddish
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winged (each palea enfolding, adnate to, and shed with cypsela). Florets 30–60+; corollas yellow. Cypselae (each shed with its enfolding palea) brownish
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wrinkling when stressed, circular to broadly oblong to obovate, 5–17.5 × 4–12 cm, fleshy, usually tuberculate, glabrous; areoles 4–6 per diagonal row across
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to decumbent, 10–50 (–60) cm, eglandular-hairy. Leaves: blade suborbiculate, broadly ovate, or broadly lanceolate, (6–) 9–18 (–30) × (5–) 8–15 (–20) mm
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in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 137. Mentioned on page 136. Plants 30–200 cm; caudices short, simple, rhizomes long, stoloniform. Stems 1–5 (–10), ascending
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Association Plants cespitose, to 110 cm. Roots basal, 1.5–4 mm diam. Stems unbranched, straight, compressed, to 60 cm. Leaves 5–13; petiole 20–36 mm; blade
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page 135. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs [trees], 70–500 [–700] cm. Stems erect, branched. Leaves all or mostly cauline; opposite (proximal)
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Volume 19. Treatment on page 229. Mentioned on page 224, 227. Perennials, 5–35 cm (taproots slender, caudices branched). Stems 1–4, erect, slender to stout
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trichomes). Basal leaves: petiole 0.5–2 cm, (ciliate or not); blade spatulate, oblanceolate, or oblong, (0.8–) 1.5–8 cm × (5–) 10–25 mm, margins entire, repand
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with dorsal spur 1.5–4 mm. Seeds with or without enclosing endocarp. 2n = 30, 60, 90. Phenology: Flowering summer–fall. Habitat: Usually weedy in disturbed
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Heads in ± corymbiform arrays. Peduncles 2–5 cm. Involucres ± hemispheric, 11–15 × 11–15 mm. Phyllaries (50–) 60–70+ in 5–6 series, scabrellous (and resin-gland-dotted)
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linear-flexuose, (30–) 42–60 × 2 µm; apical cells rectangular, (13–) 18–30 × 2–3 µm. Sexual condition dioicous. Seta (0.2–) 0.4–0.6 cm. Capsule exserted
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Annuals, 5–20 (–30+) cm. Leaf-blades simple or 1 (–2) -pinnately lobed, terminal lobes filiform, 0.5–1 (–1.5) mm wide. Peduncles 5–15 (–30+) cm. Calyculi of
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spreading; blade broadly elliptic to oblong, ovate, or obovate-elliptic, 9–30 × 2.5–15 cm. Flowers solitary; sepals reddish-brown to green; dorsal sepal lanceolate
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Culms to 30 cm. Inflorescences: larger involucral-bracts 1–3 cm; peduncles 5–20 mm, usually scabrous all around
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Torreya 32: 149. 1932 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Aerial shoots 5-20 (-30) cm. Basal leaves: lateral leaflets usually 1×-lobed; ultimate lobes 6-10 mm
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Association Leaves: petioles 3–12+ cm, blades 10–35 (–60+) × 10–35+ cm, larger usually 3–5-lobed. Ray laminae 12–30+ mm. Cypselae 5–6 mm. 2n = 32. Phenology:
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems 10-60 cm. Basal leaves 2×-ternately compound, 15-30 cm, usually shorter than stems; leaflets green adaxially
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25-95 cm, generally decumbent and rooting at the nodes. Sheaths glabrous, extensively overlapping; ligules 1-2 mm; pseudopetioles 8-60 mm; blades 7-30 cm
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