Bolboschoenus maritimus subsp. paludosus

(A. Nelson) T. Koyama

Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 31: 148. 1980.

Common names: Bolboschoenus des marais salés scirpe des marais salés
Illustrated
Basionym: Scirpus paludosus A. Nelson Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 5. 1899 Scirpus campestris Britton 1896
Synonyms: Scirpus maritimus var. paludosus (A. Nelson) Kükenthal Scirpus pacificus
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 41. Mentioned on page 40.
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Scales medium brown to nearly colorless, rarely dark-brown. Styles all 2-fid (rarely, some 3-fid). Achenes medium brown, sometimes darker or paler, biconvex.


Phenology: Fruiting spring–fall (south and lowland California), summer (north).
Habitat: Brackish to saline coastal and inland shores, marshes
Elevation: 0–2900 m

Distribution

V23 57-distribution-map.jpg

Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., N.W.T., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Alaska, Ariz., Calif., Colo., Conn., Idaho, Ill., Iowa, Kans., Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.Dak., Okla., Oreg., R.I., S.Dak., Tex., Utah, Wash., Wyo., Mexico, South America (Argentina), South America (Peru), Pacific Islands (Hawaii)

Discussion

Many bipistillate specimens from Eurasia and Africa are very similar to American plants. Further study may show that these plants should be included in Bolboschoenus maritimus subsp. paludosus.

Plants from seashores have bright brown floral scales and medium to dark brown achenes; plants from the western interior have bright brown to very pale floral scales and/or achenes.

Around Chicago, Illinois, Bolboschoenus maritimus subsp. paludosus is spreading with other halophytes in roadside ditches where salts accumulate; it is likely to occur elsewhere in similar conditions. Bolboschoenus maritimus subsp. paludosus is planted for waterfowl food (H. A. George 1963, as Scirpus robustus), and in California it is sometimes mixed with B. glaucus and hybrids. The tough inner vascular cores of the rhizomes are used by Native Americans of the Pacific Coast in making baskets.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"shortened" is not a number.

paler +, darker +  and brown +
persistent +
much less than water +
0.23 cm2.3 mm <br />0.0023 m <br /> (0.41 cm4.1 mm <br />0.0041 m <br />) +
biconvex +
1.9mm;2.8mm +
orange;yellow +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
rounded;nearly truncate +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
triangular +
S. Galen Smith +
(A. Nelson) T. Koyama +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
slender +
persistent +
usually cuneate +  and rounded +
Scirpus paludosus +  and Scirpus campestris +
0.01 cm0.1 mm <br />1.0e-4 m <br /> (0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br />) +
trigonous +, keeled +, v--shaped +  and flat +
glumaceous +  and foliaceous +
2-ranked +  and arranged +
ascending +  and appressed +
parallel +  and divergent +
terete +, rolled +  and plicate +
enlarged +
3 times deeper than wide +
Bolboschoenus des marais salés +  and scirpe des marais salés +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
50 cm500 mm <br />0.5 m <br /> (150 cm1,500 mm <br />1.5 m <br />) +
trigonous +
3mm;8mm +
Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.B. +, N.W.T. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Alaska +, Ariz. +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Conn. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Maine +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mo. +, Mont. +, Nebr. +, Nev. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Mex. +, N.Y. +, N.Dak. +, Okla. +, Oreg. +, R.I. +, S.Dak. +, Tex. +, Utah +, Wash. +, Wyo. +, Mexico +, South America (Argentina) +, South America (Peru) +  and Pacific Islands (Hawaii) +
0–2900 m +
2 times as thick as mesocarp +
hypogynous +  and subtending +
membranous +
biconvex +  and trigonous +
Brackish to saline coastal and inland shores, marshes +
not /2 +  and not 1 +
multi-ranked +, 2-ranked +, 3-ranked +  and alternate +
cauline +  and basal +
curved +  and straight +
slightly longer +
with (1-)3-6(-30) bristles and/or scales +
shorter to slightly +
Fruiting spring–fall (south and lowland California), summer (north). +
2-3(-4)-carpellate +
3 (?) +  and 1 (?) +
Acta Phytotax. Geobot. +
1 +  and 4 +
adventitious +
dark-brown +, brown +  and nearly colorless +
basal +  and proximal +
glabrescent;puberulent +
2-keeled +
membranous +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Illustrated +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
2 +  and 40 +
ovoid;lanceoloid +
septate +, hollow +  and solid +
compressed +, terete +  and trigonous +
papillate +
Scirpus maritimus var. paludosus +  and Scirpus pacificus +
Bolboschoenus maritimus subsp. paludosus +
Bolboschoenus maritimus +
subspecies +
notched +
herb +, not +  and cespitose +
2mm +  and 12mm +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +