familyRanunculaceae
genusDelphinium
sectionDelphinium sect. Diedropetala
subsectionDelphinium subsect. Exaltata
speciesDelphinium californicum

Delphinium californicum

Torrey & A. Gray

Fl. N. Amer. 1: 31. 1838.

Michael J. Warnock
Endemic
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.

Stems (60-) 100-160 (-230) cm; base reddish, puberulent-glabrous. Leaves cauline, 6-20, absent from proximal 1/5 of stem at anthesis; petiole 0.5-7 cm. Leaf-blade pentagonal to round, 3-9 × 3-12 cm, puberulent; ultimate lobes 3-15, width 5-60 mm; midcauline leaf lobes less than 3 times longer than wide. Inflorescences (16-) 40-90 (-162) -flowered; pedicel 0.5-2.5 (-6.5) cm, puberulent; bracteoles 2-5 mm from flowers, reddish, linear, (3-) 7-12 (-15) mm, puberulent. Flowers: sepals lavender to greenish white, abaxially puberulent, lateral sepals forward pointing to form a pseudotube, 6-11 × 5-7 mm, spurs straight, slightly ascending, apically downcurved, 7-11 (-14) mm; lower petal blades elevated, ± exposing stamens, 3-5 mm, clefts 1.5-2.5 mm; hairs covering adaxial surface, white or light yellow. Fruits 11-16 mm, 2.5-3.5 times longer than wide, glabrous to sparsely puberulent. Seeds unwinged; seed-coat cells elongate, surfaces ± roughened.

Distribution

Calif.

Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Delphinium californicum can be confused only with D. glaucum or D. exaltatum. The three species may be separated by the abundant pubescence and early flowering date of D. californicum as compared to the other two taxa, low elevation sites of D. californicum compared to D. glaucum, and western geographic distribution of D. californicum compared to D. exaltatum.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

Key

1 Sepals lavender; inflorescences puberulent; upper petals hairy. Delphinium californicum subsp. californicum
1 Sepals greenish white; inflorescences nearly glabrous; upper petals glabrous. Delphinium californicum subsp. interius
... more about "Delphinium californicum"
RDF feed
Anther dehiscence
dehiscing +
Author
Michael J. Warnock +
Authority
Torrey & A. Gray +
Basal leaf size
usually larger +
Base coloration
reddish +
Base fixation
attached +
Base pubescence
puberulent-glabrous +
Base shape
not narrowed +
Base size
expanded +
Beak course
straight +
Beak position or structure subtype
terminal +
Beak some measurement
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Blade shape
lobing +
Bracteole architecture
sepaloid +
Bracteole arrangement
subopposite-subalternate +
Bracteole arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Bracteole atypical some measurement
1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
Bracteole coloration
reddish +
Bracteole location
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
Bracteole presence
absent +
Bracteole pubescence
puberulent +
Bracteole some measurement
7mm;12mm +
Bud presence
absent +
Bud some measurement
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (?) +
Capsule arrangement
aggregated +
Capsule shape
globose;cylindric +
Cauline leaf arrangement
alternate +
Cell margin course
straight +
Cell shape
elongate +
Cleft some measurement
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
Distribution
Calif. +
Embryo size
small +
Endosperm quantity
abundant +
Flower architecture
sessile +  and pedicellate +
Flower architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Flower architecture or shape
symmetric +
Flower density
dense +
Flower prominence
showy +  and inconspicuous +
Flower reproduction
bisexual +
Flower shape
cylindric +
Fruit l w ratio
2.5-3.5 +
Fruit orientation
erect +
Fruit pubescence
glabrous +  and sparsely puberulent +
Fruit quantity
5 +
Fruit some measurement
1.1 cm11 mm <br />0.011 m <br /> (1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br />) +
Fruits follicle architecture
sessile +  and aggregate +
Fruits follicle shape
curved-cylindric +
Hair coloration
light yellow;white +
Illustration copyright
Flora of North America Association +
Illustrator
John Myers +
Inflorescence architecture
(16-)40-90(-162)-flowered +
Inflorescence position
axillary +  and terminal +
Inflorescence position or structure subtype
terminal +
Inflorescence quantity
5;10 +
Internode position
middle +
Lateral sepal length
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (1.1 cm11 mm <br />0.011 m <br />) +
Lateral sepal orientation
pointing +
Lateral sepal quantity
2 +
Lateral sepal shape
less ovate +  and elliptic +
Lateral sepal some measurement
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br />) +
Lateral sepal width
5mm;7mm +
Leaf-blade architecture
compound +
Leaf-blade architecture or shape
undivided +
Leaf-blade length
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br />) +
Leaf-blade pubescence
puberulent +
Leaf-blade shape
pentagonal +  and round +
Leaf-blade width
3cm;12cm +
Leaf architecture
petiolate +
Leaf arrangement
whorled +, opposite +  and alternate +
Leaf lobe l w ratio
0-3 +
Leaf position
cauline +
Leaf presence
absent +
Leaf quantity
6 (20) +
Leaf size
smaller +, slightly below middle slightly below middle internodes +  and largest +
Lobe shape
lacerate;crenate +
Lower petal quantity
2 +
Lower petal shape
clawed +, 2-lobed +, ovate +  and plane +
Lower petal some measurement
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
Lower sepal quantity
2 +
Margin architecture
palmate +  and pinnate +
Margin architecture or shape
entire +
Margin shape
incised;toothed;incised;toothed;entire +
Midpedicel angle degree
30+° +
Nectary presence
absent +
Number of lower taxa
2 +
Other size
reduced +
Ovule quantity
8;20 +
Pedicel atypical some measurement
2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br /> (6.5 cm65 mm <br />0.065 m <br />) +
Pedicel orientation
spreading +
Pedicel presence
absent +
Pedicel pubescence
puberulent +
Pedicel some measurement
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
Perianth position
hypogynous +
Petal blade prominence
elevated +
Petal blade some measurement
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
Petal fusion
distinct +
Petal prominence
conspicuous +
Petal quantity
0;26 +
Petal shape
spurred +, funnel--shaped +, cup-shaped +  and plane +
Petal size
reduced +
Petiole architecture or shape
sheathing +
Petiole height or length or size
shorter +
Petiole orientation
ascending +
Petiole presence
absent +
Petiole some measurement
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
Pistil architecture
simple +
Pistil atypical quantity
3 (5) +
Pistil quantity
3 +
Publication title
Fl. N. Amer. +
Publication year
1838 +
Raceme architecture
2-100-flowered +
Raceme some measurement
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br />) +
Reference
None +
Ridge architecture or course
irregular +
Ridge shape
wavy +
Ridge size
small +
Root architecture
twisted +  and 4-15-branched +
Root architecture or arrangement
fasciculate +
Root condition or texture
dry +
Root shape
tuberlike +
Root some measurement
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (80 cm800 mm <br />0.8 m <br />) +
Root texture
fibrous +
Season life cycle
dormant +
Seed-coat cell shape
elongate +
Seed architecture
unwinged +
Seed coloration
dark-brown +  and black +
Seed length
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
Seed pubescence or relief
rough +
Seed quantity
1;many +
Seed relief
not ringed +
Seed shape
rectangular +  and crescent-shaped +
Seed width
0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
Sepal architecture
petaloid +
Sepal architecture or shape
spurred +
Sepal arrangement
imbricate +
Sepal atypical quantity
6 (20) +
Sepal coloration
lavender;greenish white +
Sepal duration
not persistent +
Sepal fusion
distinct +
Sepal pubescence
puberulent +
Sepal quantity
3 +  and 6 +
Side architecture
not +  and veined +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V3/V3 169.xml +
Special status
Endemic +
Spur atypical some measurement
1.1 cm11 mm <br />0.011 m <br /> (1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br />) +
Spur course
straight +
Spur orientation
downcurved +  and ascending +
Spur some measurement
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (1.1 cm11 mm <br />0.011 m <br />) +
Stamen fusion
distinct +
Stamen quantity
25;40 +
Staminode presence
absent +
Stem architecture
unbranched +
Stem atypical quantity
8 (19) +
Stem atypical some measurement
160 cm1,600 mm <br />1.6 m <br /> (230 cm2,300 mm <br />2.3 m <br />) +
Stem quantity
3 +  and 8 +
Stem some measurement
100 cm1,000 mm <br />1 m <br /> (160 cm1,600 mm <br />1.6 m <br />) +
Stipule presence
absent +
Style duration
persistent +
Style presence
absent +
Surface relief or texture
roughened +
Taxon family
Ranunculaceae +
Taxon name
Delphinium californicum +
Taxon parent
Delphinium subsect. Exaltata +
Taxon rank
species +
Ultimate lobe quantity
3 (15) +
Ultimate lobe width
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
Upper petal architecture or shape
spurred +
Upper petal quantity
2 +
Upper sepal architecture or shape
spurred +
Upper sepal quantity
1 +
Upper sepal some measurement
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (2.4 cm24 mm <br />0.024 m <br />) +
Volume
Volume 3 +
Week quantity
2 (?) +
Whole organism architecture
rhizomatous +
Whole organism duration
perennial +
Whole organism growth form
herb +
Whole organism position
low +
Whole organism texture
herbaceous +  and woody +
X chromosome quantity
8 +