familyRanunculaceae
genusDelphinium
sectionDelphinium sect. Diedropetala
subsectionDelphinium subsect. Grumosa
speciesDelphinium trolliifolium

Delphinium trolliifolium

A. Gray

Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 375. 1872.

Michael J. Warnock
Common names: Cow-poison poison larkspur
Endemic
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.

Stems (40-) 60-120 (-180) cm; base usually reddish, glabrous to puberulent. Leaves mostly cauline at anthesis; basal leaves 0 (-3) at anthesis; cauline leaves 5-12 at anthesis; petiole 0.5-17 cm. Leaf-blade ± pentagonal, 4-8 × 7-16 cm, margins ± incised, nearly glabrous; ultimate lobes 0-9, width 15-30 mm (basal), 5-20 mm (cauline), widest at middle or in proximal 1/2. Inflorescences (5-) 14-40 (-75) -flowered, ± open, at least 2 times longer than wide; pedicel 1-4 (-9) cm, puberulent to glabrous; bracteoles (2-) 6-12 mm from flowers, green, linear, 5-9 (-14) mm, puberulent. Flowers: sepals dark blue, glabrous, lateral sepals spreading, (8-) 14-21 × 5-9 mm, spurs straight or downcurved at apex, within 20° of horizontal, (10-) 16-23 mm; lower petal blades covering stamens, 5-10 mm, clefts 1.5-3 mm; hairs sparse, mostly near junction of blade and claw, centered or on inner lobes, well dispersed, yellow. Fruits (15-) 23-34 mm, 3.8-5.5 times longer than wide, glabrous. Seeds unwinged; seed-coats smooth. 2n = 16.


Phenology: Flowering spring.
Habitat: Oak woods, coastal chaparral, wet woodlands
Elevation: 30-1100 m

Distribution

V3 999-distribution-map.gif

Calif., Oreg.

Discussion

Delphinium trolliifolium occurs in the northern Coast Range of California, the Columbia River Valley to just east of Mt. Hood, and the Willamette Valley of Oregon upstream to Lane County. California plants differ somewhat from Oregon plants in pubescence patterns and habitat preferences. Further study may show that two entities are involved here.

Hybrids between Delphinium trolliifolium and D. decorum, D. menziesii subsp. pallidum (D. ×pavonaceum Ewan, Peacock larkspur), D. nudicaule, D. nuttallianum, and D. nuttallii are known. Delphinium trolliifolium is likely to be confused only with D. bakeri. Refer to discussion under that species for differences.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

No values specified.

... more about "Delphinium trolliifolium"
RDF feed
2n chromosome quantity
16 +
Anther dehiscence
dehiscing +
Apex degree
20° +
Author
Michael J. Warnock +
Authority
A. Gray +
Basal leaf atypical quantity
0 (3) +
Basal leaf presence
absent +
Basal leaf size
usually larger +
Basal petiole orientation
spreading +
Base coloration
reddish +
Base fixation
attached +
Base pubescence
glabrous +  and puberulent +
Base shape
narrowed +
Base size
expanded +
Basionyms
Delphinium sect. Grumosa +
Beak course
straight +
Beak position or structure subtype
terminal +
Beak some measurement
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Blade shape
lobing +
Bract quantity
fewer +
Bract shape
lobed +
Bract size
smaller +
Bracteole architecture
sepaloid +
Bracteole arrangement
subopposite-subalternate +
Bracteole arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Bracteole atypical some measurement
0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> (1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br />) +
Bracteole coloration
green +
Bracteole location
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
Bracteole presence
absent +
Bracteole pubescence
puberulent +
Bracteole some measurement
5mm;9mm +
Bud size
minute +
Bud some measurement
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (?) +
Capsule arrangement
aggregated +
Capsule shape
globose;cylindric +
Cauline leaf arrangement
alternate +
Cauline leaf quantity
5 (12) +
Cauline petiole orientation
ascending +
Cell margin course
straight +
Cell relief
roughened +  and smooth +
Cell shape
elongate +
Cleft some measurement
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Common name
Cow-poison +  and poison larkspur +
Distribution
Calif. +  and Oreg. +
Elevation
30-1100 m +
Embryo size
small +
Endosperm quantity
abundant +
Flower architecture
sessile +  and pedicellate +
Flower architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Flower architecture or shape
symmetric +
Flower prominence
showy +  and inconspicuous +
Flower quantity
2;6 +
Flower reproduction
bisexual +
Fruit atypical some measurement
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (2.3 cm23 mm <br />0.023 m <br />) +
Fruit l w ratio
3.8-5.5 +
Fruit orientation
spreading +
Fruit pubescence
glabrous +
Fruit quantity
5 +
Fruit some measurement
2.3 cm23 mm <br />0.023 m <br /> (3.4 cm34 mm <br />0.034 m <br />) +
Fruits follicle architecture
sessile +  and aggregate +
Fruits follicle shape
curved-cylindric +
Habitat
Oak woods, coastal chaparral, wet woodlands +
Hair coloration
yellow +
Hair count or density
sparse +
Hair density
dispersed +
Hair position
on inner lobes +  and centered +
Illustration copyright
Flora of North America Association +
Illustrator
John Myers +
Inflorescence architecture
open +  and (5-)14-40(-75)-flowered +
Inflorescence l w ratio
2 +
Inflorescence position
axillary +  and terminal +
Inflorescence position or structure subtype
terminal +
Inflorescence shape
pyramidal +
Lateral sepal atypical length
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br />) +
Lateral sepal length
1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br /> (2.1 cm21 mm <br />0.021 m <br />) +
Lateral sepal orientation
spreading +
Lateral sepal quantity
2 +
Lateral sepal shape
less ovate +  and elliptic +
Lateral sepal some measurement
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br />) +
Lateral sepal width
5mm;9mm +
Leaf-blade architecture
compound +
Leaf-blade architecture or shape
undivided +
Leaf-blade length
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br />) +
Leaf-blade shape
pentagonal +
Leaf-blade width
7cm;16cm +
Leaf architecture
petiolate +
Leaf arrangement
whorled +, opposite +  and alternate +
Leaf position
cauline +
Leaf size
reduced +
Lobe shape
lacerate;crenate +
Lower petal quantity
2 +
Lower petal shape
clawed +, 2-lobed +, ovate +  and plane +
Lower petal some measurement
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
Lower sepal quantity
2 +
Margin architecture
palmate +  and pinnate +
Margin architecture or shape
entire +
Margin pubescence
glabrous +
Margin shape
incised +
Midpedicel angle degree
30+° +
Nectary presence
absent +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Other size
smaller +
Ovule quantity
8;20 +
Pedicel atypical some measurement
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br />) +
Pedicel orientation
spreading +
Pedicel presence
absent +
Pedicel pubescence
puberulent +  and glabrous +
Pedicel some measurement
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
Perianth position
hypogynous +
Petal blade some measurement
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Petal fusion
distinct +
Petal prominence
conspicuous +
Petal quantity
0;26 +
Petal shape
spurred +, funnel--shaped +, cup-shaped +  and plane +
Petal size
reduced +
Petiole architecture or shape
sheathing +
Petiole height or length or size
shorter +
Petiole presence
absent +
Petiole some measurement
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (17 cm170 mm <br />0.17 m <br />) +
Phenology
Flowering spring. +
Pistil architecture
simple +
Pistil atypical quantity
3 (5) +
Pistil quantity
3 +
Publication title
Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts +
Publication year
1872 +
Raceme architecture
2-100-flowered +
Raceme some measurement
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br />) +
Reference
None +
Ridge quantity
lacking +
Ridge shape
wavy +
Root architecture
cormlike +  and fascicled +
Root architecture or arrangement
fasciculate +
Root atypical some measurement
7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br /> (16 cm160 mm <br />0.16 m <br />) +
Root fragility
brittle +
Root shape
tuberlike +
Root some measurement
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
Root texture
succulent +, fleshy +  and fibrous +
Seed-coat architecture or pubescence or relief
smooth +
Seed architecture
unwinged +
Seed coloration
dark-brown +  and black +
Seed length
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.27 cm2.7 mm <br />0.0027 m <br />) +
Seed pubescence or relief
rough +
Seed quantity
1;many +
Seed relief
ringed +
Seed shape
obpyramidal +
Seed width
0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Sepal architecture
petaloid +
Sepal architecture or shape
spurred +
Sepal arrangement
imbricate +
Sepal atypical quantity
6 (20) +
Sepal coloration
dark blue +
Sepal duration
not persistent +
Sepal fusion
distinct +
Sepal pubescence
glabrous +
Sepal quantity
3 +  and 6 +
Side architecture
not +  and veined +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V3/V3 999.xml +
Special status
Endemic +
Spur course
straight +
Spur orientation
downcurved +
Stamen fusion
distinct +
Stamen quantity
25;40 +
Staminode presence
absent +
Stem architecture
unbranched +
Stem atypical quantity
1 (2) +
Stem atypical some measurement
120 cm1,200 mm <br />1.2 m <br /> (180 cm1,800 mm <br />1.8 m <br />) +
Stem quantity
1 +
Stem some measurement
60 cm600 mm <br />0.6 m <br /> (120 cm1,200 mm <br />1.2 m <br />) +
Stipule presence
absent +
Style duration
persistent +
Style presence
absent +
Taxon family
Ranunculaceae +
Taxon name
Delphinium trolliifolium +
Taxon parent
Delphinium subsect. Grumosa +
Taxon rank
species +
Ultimate lobe quantity
0 (9) +
Ultimate lobe some measurement
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Upper petal architecture or shape
spurred +
Upper petal quantity
2 +
Upper sepal architecture or shape
spurred +
Upper sepal quantity
1 +
Upper sepal some measurement
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (2.4 cm24 mm <br />0.024 m <br />) +
Volume
Volume 3 +
Week quantity
2 (10) +
Whole organism architecture
rhizomatous +
Whole organism duration
perennial +
Whole organism growth form
herb +
Whole organism position
low +
Whole organism texture
herbaceous +  and woody +
X chromosome quantity
8 +