Mentioned on page 453. Plants 5–70 cm. Stems erect, green, tan, or reddish to dark-brown, usually glabrous or villous, rarely tomentose. Leaves: basal
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thickened proximally; pedicel usually ascending in fruit, occasionally perpendicular to stem, 3–25 mm, bracts usually green, sometimes white, 5–25 mm. Capsules
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by pedicel bract; sepals usually green [magenta], often less than half size of petals; petals sharply reflexed or not, green or brightly colored, 4–15
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often more developed on sepals, basal, green, usually hidden but occasionally exposed and forming visible green star at adaxial base of perianth; sepals
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revolute), faces bicolor, abaxial usually silvery, tomentose, adaxial usually green, glabrate or glabrous. Heads disciform, usually in terminal clusters (subtended
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rachises hispid and villous; bristles 1-3, 5-10 mm, antrorsely scabrous, usually green, rarely purple. Spikelets 1.8-2.2 mm. Lower glumes about as long as the
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North America Association Stems usually green, sometimes purple or black, sparsely pubescent. Leaf-blades green to light green, surfaces sparsely pubescent
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Leaves: blades usually green, epidermal gas pockets usually absent; basal leaf-rosettes suberect to flattened, 2–30
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ferruginous; juvenile blade (usually yellowish green), hairs usually white, rarely ferruginous. Catkins flowering as leaves emerge, usually from lateral buds (sometimes
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Panicles 10–60-flowered. Sepals abaxially cream to greenish, adaxially usually green and marked with red, rarely mostly red, forming perianths 10–16 × 13–16
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stem branch points; root hairs to 1 cm, emerging from root cap. Stems usually not green, with extensive subdichotomous branching, prostrate and reniform or
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dissimilar, abaxial usually green, sometimes silvery white, cottony hairs absent, adaxial green, not glaucous, long hairs usually ± stiff, sometimes weak
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Inflorescences terminal, drooping or nodding, usually red, purple, or white, less commonly green, silvery green, or yellow, usually much-branched at base, leafless at
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Inflorescences borne singly; spathes usually green or bronze, rarely with purplish margins, glabrous, keels usually denticulate; outer 36–76 mm, 12–46 mm
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54–130+, apex usually acuminate to acute, rarely obtuse, abaxial surface pale green, puberulent, especially on veins, adaxial surface dark green, dull, puberulent
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autotrophic, at least partly green. Rhizomes absent. Roots filiform. Stems usually unbranched, green. Leaves cauline, sometimes basal, green, purplish, or pale,
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white to cream, greenish white, or yellowish green, or yellowish, usually green-throated and faintly green-lined, oblong-ovate to ovatelanceolate, 3–7 mm
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0.5–3 cm. Stems ascending or prostrate, branched. Leaves usually green, sometimes reddish green; stipules ovatelanceolate, 1 mm, margins irregularly toothed
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Annuals (sometimes persisting, usually monocarpic) [perennials], mostly 20–100 cm (taprooted; often glaucous). Stems usually 1, erect or lax (branched throughout
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5–10 cm. Stems ascending or prostrate, branched. Leaves usually green, sometimes reddish green; stipules triangular, 0.5–0.6 mm, margins entire, apex acute;
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