Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Trees to 80m; trunk to 5m diam.; crown narrowly conic. Bark grayish brown to orangebrown. Branches
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in the evolution of floral morphology (R. M. Straw 1955, 1956, 1956b; J. Walker-Larsen and L. D. Harder 2001; M. C. Castellanos et al. 2004, 2006), pollination
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D. Don) Lindley 1833, Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Trees to 80m; trunk to 2.2m diam.; crown spirelike. Bark grayish brown, in age becoming thick
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Britton et al. in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 63. 1914. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Synonyms: Undefined (tribe Undefined)
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T. M. 1978. Senecio. In: N. L. Britton et al., eds. 1905+. North American Flora.... 47+ vols. New York. Ser. 2, part 10, pp. 50–139. Barkley, T. M., B
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wootonii Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 866. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 373. 1754. Theodore M. Barkley† Common names: Groundsel ragwort butterweed Etymology: reputedly from
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Majesty's Stationery Office, London, England. 389 pp. Columbus, J.T., M.S. Kinney, R. Pant and M.E. Siqueiros Delgado. 1998. Cladistic parsimonv analysis of internal
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petaloid appendages, enclosing solitary pistillate flower surrounded by (0–) 1–80 staminate flowers, entire structure termed the cyathium), in monochasia, dichasia
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Oxytenia, Parthenice, Parthenium, Xanthium Lessing Linnaea 5: 151. 1830. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Synonyms: Undefined (tribe Undefined)
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730–735. Barkley, T. M. 1962. A revision of Senecio aureus L. and allied species. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 65: 318–408. Barkley, T. M. 1968. Taxonomy of
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not spread to the surrounding area (P. M. Brown 2002). Bletia patula Hooker is an apparent garden escape (P. M. Brown 2000). A single vegetative specimen
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bracteate; bracts distinct or connate, sometimes forming an involucre containing 1–80 flowers, when containing only 1 flower, calyxlike, sometimes brightly colored
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abruptly or gradually tapered or acuminate, occasionally piliferous; costa to 40–80% leaf length, moderate to somewhat stout, terminal spine present or absent;
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centuries were S. F. Blake, N. L. Britton, R. S. Ferris, M. L. Fernald, E. L. Greene, H. M. Hall, M. E. Jones, D. D. Keck, P. A. Rydberg, J. K. Small, and
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reddish pappi in some species Synonyms: Haplopappus sect. Pyrrocoma (Hooker) H. M. Hall Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 413. Mentioned
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substrate or not. Roots diffuse or taproots (adventitious from offsets in M. thornberi and M. prolifera). Stems unsegmented, green to gray-green, sometimes purplish
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Flaveria, Haploësthes, Sartwellia Lessing Syn. Gen. Compos., 235. 1832. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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Shrubs 1.5–4 m, stems erect; inflorescences usually paniclelike, sometimes racemelike, (3–)5–15 cm. Ceanothus leucodermis 4 Shrubs 0.5–1.5 m, stems erect
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Xylorhiza Cassini J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 88: 195. 1819. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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P.M. and C.R. Annable. 1991. Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae-Eragrostideae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 31:1-109 Peterson, P.M. 2000
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(or grooves) usually 10, faces glabrous; pappi persistent (fragile), of 20–80+, distinct, white, sordid, stramineous, or rufous, ± equal or unequal, barbellulate
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turbinate (campanulo-hemispheric upon drying), (3–14 ×) 3.8–23 mm. Phyllaries 26–80 in 3–5 series, 1-nerved (usually raised; keeled proximally), lanceolate to
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(Poaceae): Evidence from rbcL sequence data. Syst. Bot. 20:423-435 Barkworth, M.E. and K.M. Capels. 2000. The Poaceae in North America: A geographic perspective
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example, M. aquaticum and M. spicatum). This issue is further complicated by hybridization of M. spicatum with native M. sibiricum (see 8. M. spicatum
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Marshalliinae Show Lower Taxa Marshallia H. Robinson Phytologia 41: 42. 1978. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 75. Mentioned on page 13, 57, 76, 78, 80. Subshrubs or shrubs. Stems erect to spreading, sometimes climbing, glabrous
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the PLANTS database on the basis of a putative record in R. D. Thomas and C. M. Allen (1993–1998); there appears to be no such record therein. The only specimen
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all or mostly staminate or pistillate). Pistillate heads: phyllaries 12–30 (–80+) in 1–8+ series, outer (1–) 5–8 distinct or ± connate, herbaceous, the rest
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Trichocoronis Cassini J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 88: 202. 1819. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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pycnocephala Besser Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 1: 223. 1829. Leila M. Shultz Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 505. Mentioned
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75: 88. 1993. Lowell E. Urbatsch, Loran C. Anderson, Roland P. Roberts, Kurt M. Neubig Endemic Basionym: Linosyris parryi A. Gray Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia
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purple to black, globose to ovoid, ovoid-oblong, ellipsoid, or obovoid, 5–30 (–80) mm; hypanthium deciduous, rarely persistent in fruit; sepals falling with
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the floret. Arriaga, M.O. and M.E. Barkworth. 2006. Amelichloa: A new genus in the Stipeae (Poaceae). Sida 22:145-149 Barkworth, M.E. 1981. Foliar epidermes
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caudices in M. saxatilis). Stems 1–15 (usually from basal rosettes), usually erect, sometimes ± prostrate, usually branched (scapiform in M. californica)
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Poston, M. E. and J. W. Nowicke. 1993. Pollen morphology, trichome types, and relationships of the Gronovioideae (Loasaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 80: 689–704
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Association Trees to 8 m. Leaves: petiole 10–25 (–45) mm, finely hairy; blade elliptic to oblanceolate or obovate, 80–250 (–330) × 30–80 (–150) mm, margins
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carpels 10–80, glabrous, styles subbasal, fusiform, medially rough-thickened; ovule 1. Fruits aggregated achenes, individually deciduous, 10–80 or less,
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pubescent; replum strongly flattened; septum complete, (membranous); ovules 4–80 per ovary; style usually distinct, rarely obsolete; stigma capitate. Seeds
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17 14 Scape 2.5–3 m; leaves 50–90 cm; panicles compact; flowers 4–6 cm; s Florida. Agave desmettiana 14 Scape 5–10(–13) m; leaves 80–160 cm; panicles open;
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Illustrator: Copyright: Stems 1–80+, erect or ascending to procumbent. Inflorescences proliferating, mostly terminal, leafy, 1–80+-flowered cymes. Pedicels erect
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Zaluzaniinae Cassini J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 88: 189. 1819. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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W. Chen, X. Chen, S.M. Phillips, C. Stapleton, R.J. Soreng, S.G. Aiken, N.N. Tzvelev [Tsvelev], P.M. Peterson, S.A. Renvoize, M.V. Olonova, and K.H. Ammann
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stelleriana, Artemisia suksdorfii, Artemisia tilesii, Artemisia vulgaris Leila M. Shultz Synonyms: Artemisia sect. Abrotanum Besser Treatment appears in FNA
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var. inflatum (Suksdorf) Cholewa & Douglass M. Henderson Madroño 38: 232. 1991. Anita F. Cholewa, Douglass M. Henderson† IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Olsynium
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(sometimes in M. glomerata), or 1–22, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellowish (with maroon bases sometimes in M. elegans; purplish red sometimes in M. sativa)
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serrulate, or subentire; apex gradually tapered or acuminate; costa to (20–) 40–80% leaf length, thin or thick distally, terminal spine present or sometimes
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Taxon 44:33-41 Jacobs, S.W.L., R. Bayer, J. Everett, M.O. Arriaga, M.E. Barkworth, A. Sabin-Badereau, M.A. Torres, F. Vazquez, and N. Bagnall. 2006. Systematics
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acaulescent or rarely caulescent, to 3 m diam.; rosettes usually small. Stems procumbent, 0.1–0.4 m, or erect, 1–2 m. Leaf-blade rigidly spreading, including
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Achlyopitheca (G. L. Nesom 2012g), sect. Erythranthe (P. M. Beardsley et al. 2003), sect. Mimulosma (M. L. Carlson 2002; J. B. Whittall et al. 2006; Nesom 2012h)
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pubescent, sometimes paleate (paleae apically pubescent). Florets 3–25 (–80), bisexual, fertile; corollas pink to lavender or white [yellow], zygomorphic
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