familyRanunculaceae
genusAnemone
speciesAnemone multifida

Anemone multifida

Poiret in J. Lamarck et al.

in J.Lamarck et al., Encycl., suppl. 1: 364. 1810.

Bryan E. Dutton, Carl S. Keener, Bruce A. Ford
Common names: Cut-leaved anemone anémone multifide
Illustrated
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.

Aerial shoots 10-70 cm, from caudices, caudices ascending to vertical. Basal leaves 3-6 (-10), 1-2-ternate; petiole (2-) 4-10 (-14) cm; terminal leaflet petiolulate to ±sessile, broadly and irregularly rhombic to obovate, (1.5-) 2.5-4.5 (-5.5) × (1-) 3-10 cm, base narrowly cuneate, margins incised on distal 1/3, apex broadly acute to nearly obtuse; surfaces abaxially villous-silky, hispid to villous, or sparsely long-pilose, adaxially glabrous, nearly glabrous, villous-silky, or hispid to villous; lateral leaflets (2-) 3×-parted; ultimate segments (1.5-) 2-3.5 (-5) mm wide. Inflorescences 2-7-flowered cymes or flowers solitary; peduncle villous, pilose, or hispid to villous; involucral-bracts usually 3-5, occasionally 2 in secondary involucres, 1-2-tiered, ternate, occasionally incompletely ternate, ±similar to basal leaves, greatly reduced, bases distinct; terminal leaflet petiolulate to ±sessile, broadly and irregularly rhombic to obovate, (1.5-) 3-4 (-5) × 0.5-1 (-2) cm, base narrowly cuneate, margins incised on distal 1/3, apex broadly acute to nearly obtuse, surfaces abaxially hispid to villous, villous-silky, or sparsely long-pilose, adaxially glabrous, nearly glabrous, hispid to villous, or villous-silky; lateral leaflets (2-) 3×-parted or lobed, lobes frequently unequal; ultimate lobes 1.5-3 (-4.3) mm wide. Flowers: sepals 5-9, green to yellow, blue, purple, red, or occasionally white, or abaxially blue, red, yellow and red, or purple, or tinged purple, adaxially white, yellow, yellow and red, blue, or tinged purple, ovate to oblong, 5-17 × (3.5-) 5-7 (-9) mm, abaxially hairy, adaxially glabrous; stamens 50-80. Heads of achenes spheric; pedicel 6-15 (-23) cm. Achenes: body irregularly ellipsoid or elliptic, flat, 3-4 × 1.5-2 mm, not winged, tomentose, woolly, or villous; beak ±straight, distally recurved or strongly hooked, 1-6 mm, glabrous.

Distribution

Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., N.W.T., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), Ont., Que., Sask., Yukon, Alaska, Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Maine, Mich., Minn., Mont., N.Dak., N.Mex., N.Y., Nebr., Nev., Oreg., S.Dak., Utah, Vt., Wash., Wis., Wyo., South America

Discussion

Varieties 4 (4 in the flora).

G.Boraiah and M.Heimburger (1964) conducted an extensive cytotaxonomic analysis of this wide-ranging and extremely variable species and its relatives. The present treatment takes a broader view of the species (and its variation) and recognizes fewer entities. In addition, Anemone tetonensis and A. stylosa, plants treated as closely related species by G.Boraiah and M.Heimburger, are treated here as varieties of A. multifida.

Early-season plants of Anemone multifida var. multifida have solitary flowers and will key to var. saxicola. Anemone multifida var. tetonensis and especially var. saxicola might be based on characteristics that are influenced primarily by environment; further study is warranted.

Native Americans used Anemone multifida (no varieties specified) medicinally as an antirheumatic, cold remedy, nosebleed cure, and general panacea, as well as a means of killing lice and fleas (D. E. Moerman 1986).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

Key

1 Flowers in cymes; involucral bracts 2-tiered. > 2
1 Flowers solitary; involucral bracts 1-tiered. > 5
2 Beak straight. > 3
2 Beak recurved or hooked. > 4
3 Aerial shoots (30–)40–70 cm; flowers (2–)5–7; bracts silky; sepals ovate or oblong. Anemone multifida var. multifida
3 Aerial shoots (10–)20–40 cm; flowers (1–)2–3; bracts villous; sepals elliptic. Anemone multifida var. saxicola
4 Beak recurved. Anemone multifida var. tetonensis
4 Beak hooked. Anemone multifida var. stylosa
5 Abaxial color of sepals different from adaxial color. > 6
5 Abaxial color of sepals same as adaxial color. > 7
6 Aerial shoots 20–40 cm; achene beak ± straight. Anemone multifida var. saxicola
6 Aerial shoots 10–20(–25) cm; achene beak recurved. Anemone multifida var. tetonensis
7 Sepals blue, purple, or sometimes white; achene beak recurved. Anemone multifida var. tetonensis
7 Sepals purple to red, or green to red; achene beak strongly hooked distally. Anemone multifida var. stylosa

"villous" is not a number. "woolly" is not a number. "villous" is not a number. "woolly" is not a number. "tomentose" is not a number.

... more about "Anemone multifida"
RDF feed
Anther dehiscence
dehiscing +
Apex shape
broadly acute +  and nearly obtuse +
Author
Bryan E. Dutton +, Carl S. Keener +  and Bruce A. Ford +
Authority
Poiret in J. Lamarck et al. +
Basal leaf architecture
1-2-ternate +
Basal leaf atypical quantity
6 (10) +
Basal leaf quantity
3;6 +
Base fusion
distinct +
Base shape
cuneate +
Beak atypical some measurement
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
Beak course
straight +
Beak orientation
recurved +
Beak position or structure subtype
terminal +
Beak presence
absent +
Beak prominence
rudimentary +
Beak pubescence
glabrous +
Beak shape
hooked +
Beak some measurement
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
Body architecture
not winged +
Body length
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Body prominence or shape
flat +
Body shape
elliptic;ellipsoid +
Body width
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Bracteole architecture
sepaloid +
Bracteole presence
absent +
Capsule arrangement
aggregated +
Capsule shape
globose;cylindric +
Caudex orientation
ascending;vertical +
Common name
Cut-leaved anemone +  and anémone multifide +
Cyme architecture
2-7-flowered +
Cyme architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Distribution
Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.B. +, N.W.T. +, Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.) +, Ont. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Yukon +, Alaska +, Ariz. +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Idaho +, Maine +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mont. +, N.Dak. +, N.Mex. +, N.Y. +, Nebr. +, Nev. +, Oreg. +, S.Dak. +, Utah +, Vt. +, Wash. +, Wis. +, Wyo. +  and South America +
Embryo size
small +
Endosperm quantity
abundant +
Filament shape
filiform +
Filament width
broadened +
Flower architecture
2-7-flowered +
Flower architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Flower architecture or shape
symmetric +
Flower prominence
showy +  and inconspicuous +
Flower reproduction
bisexual +
Flower some measurement
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (60 cm600 mm <br />0.6 m <br />) +
Fruit atypical quantity
20 (27) +
Fruit quantity
4;20 +
Fruits achene architecture
stalked +, sessile +  and aggregate +
Fruits achene shape
ovoid;obovoid +
Head shape
spheric +
Illustration copyright
Flora of North America Association +
Illustrator
John Myers +
Inflorescence architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Inflorescence flower quantity
single +
Inflorescence position
axillary +  and terminal +
Inflorescence position or structure subtype
terminal +
Involucral-bract architecture
ternate +
Involucral-bract arrangement
1-2-tiered +
Involucral-bract atypical quantity
7 (9) +
Involucral-bract quantity
2;3;5 +
Involucral-bract size
reduced +
Involucre presence
absent +
Lateral leaflet shape
Lobed (?) +  and (2-)3×-parted (?) +
Leaf-blade architecture
compound +
Leaf-blade architecture or shape
undivided +
Leaf-blade shape
parted or undivided reniform +  and obtriangular or lanceolate +
Leaf architecture
petiolate +, compound +  and simple +
Leaf arrangement
whorled +, opposite +  and alternate +
Leaf position
basal +
Lobe size
unequal +
Margin architecture
palmate +  and pinnate +
Margin shape
incised;incised +
Nectary presence
absent +
Number of lower taxa
4 +
Ovule quantity
1 +
Pedicel atypical some measurement
15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br /> (23 cm230 mm <br />0.23 m <br />) +
Pedicel some measurement
6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
Peduncle pubescence
hispid +  and villous +
Perianth position
hypogynous +
Petal fusion
distinct +
Petal presence
absent +
Petal prominence
conspicuous +
Petal quantity
0;26 +
Petal shape
obovate +  and elliptic +
Petal size
reduced +
Petal some measurement
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Petiole architecture or shape
sheathing +
Petiole atypical some measurement
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (14 cm140 mm <br />0.14 m <br />) +
Petiole presence
absent +
Petiole some measurement
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
Pistil architecture
simple +
Pistil quantity
many +
Publication title
in J.Lamarck et al., Encycl., suppl. +
Publication year
1810 +
Reference
None +
Seed architecture
not arillate +  and stalked +
Seed quantity
1;many +
Sepal architecture
petaloid +
Sepal architecture or shape
spurred +
Sepal arrangement
imbricate +
Sepal atypical quantity
6 (20) +
Sepal atypical width
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
Sepal coloration
tinged purple;blue;tinged purple;blue;punct;yellow and red;punct;yellow;white;tinged purple;yellow and red;red;green;yellow blue purple red or occasionally white or abaxially blue +
Sepal coloration or density
purple +
Sepal duration
not persistent +
Sepal fusion
distinct +
Sepal length
? (?) +
Sepal pubescence
glabrous +  and hairy +
Sepal quantity
5 +  and 9 +
Sepal shape
ovate +  and oblong +
Sepal some measurement
0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
Sepal width
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
Shoot location
aerial +
Shoot some measurement
10cm;70cm +
Side architecture
not veined +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V3/V3 700.xml +
Special status
Illustrated +
Stamen fusion
distinct +
Stamen quantity
50;80 +
Staminode presence
absent +
Stem architecture
unarmed +
Stipule presence
absent +
Style duration
persistent +
Style presence
absent +
Surface pubescence
abaxially hispid;villous villous-silky or sparsely long-pilose adaxially glabrous nearly glabrous hispid +
Synonyms
Anemonastrum +, Anemonidium +, Anemonoides +, Hepatica +, Jurtsevia +  and Pulsatilla +
Taxon family
Ranunculaceae +
Taxon name
Anemone multifida +
Taxon parent
Anemone +
Taxon rank
species +
Terminal leaflet architecture
petiolulate;more or less sessile +
Terminal leaflet atypical length
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
Terminal leaflet atypical width
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Terminal leaflet length
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
Terminal leaflet shape
irregularly rhombic;obovate +
Terminal leaflet width
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Ultimate lobe width
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Ultimate segment width
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
Umbel architecture
2-9-flowered +
Volume
Volume 3 +
Whole organism architecture
rhizomatous +
Whole organism duration
perennial +
Whole organism growth form
herb +
Whole organism position
low +
Whole organism texture
herbaceous +  and woody +
X chromosome quantity
8 +  and 7 +