Carex brunnescens

(Persoon) Poiret in J. Lamarck et al.

in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl., Suppl. 3: 286. 1813.

Illustrated
Basionym: Carex curta var. brunnescens Persoon Syn. Pl. 2: 539. 1807
Synonyms: Carex canescens var. brunnescens (Persoon) W. D. J. Koch Carex canescens subsp. brunnescens (Persoon) Ascherson & Graebner
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Mentioned on page 320.

Plants densely cespitose, in small clumps; rhizomes short. Culms erect to arching, slender, 15–90 cm. Leaves: sheaths relatively tight, pale to mid brown abaxially, inner band thin and hyaline, often concave at summit; ligules as long as wide; blades green to yellowish green, flat, 10–25 (–40) cm × 0.5–2 mm, shorter than culms. Inflorescences erect to somewhat nodding, 1.5–7 cm × 3–6 mm; proximal bracts bristlelike-prolonged, shorter than to exceeding spikes; distal bracts usually scalelike. Spikes 5–10, gynecandrous, proximal ± separate, distal closely approximate, containing 5–10 perigynia, sessile, globose to short-oblong, 3–7 × 3–4 mm; terminal spike staminate for less than 1/2 of length, scarcely clavate. Pistillate scales white-hyaline with green, 3-veined center, often brown tinged, ovate, subequal to, not concealing perigynia, apex obtuse to acute. Perigynia appressed-ascending to loosely spreading at maturity, green or brown, often dark-brown in age, lightly several-veined, elliptic-ovate, 2–2.5 × 0.8–1.5 mm, widest near middle, membranous; beak shor, margin serrulate. Achenes pale to mid brown, ovate-orbiculate, 1.25–1.5 × 0.8–1 mm, glossy. 2n = 56.

Distribution

V23 564-distribution-map.jpg

Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., N.S., N.W.T., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Yukon, Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., Ga., Idaho, Ind., Maine, Mass., Md., Mich., Minn., Mont., N.C., N.H., N.J., N.Y., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., Tenn., Utah, Va., Vt., W.Va., Wash., Wis., Wyo., Eurasia

Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Carex brunnescens is variable across its wide distribution; it deserves a monographic treatment. Many taxa have been described. Most variation is presumably of ecophenotypic nature; when growing in shady habitats the species is slender and weak and the scales are not or but little colored; in more exposed sites it is stiffer, and the scales become strongly brownish tinged. Only two subspecies are recognized here. Subspecies alaskana and subsp. pacifica (see A. Kalela 1965) seem to grade to the typical subsp. brunnescens. A short-leaved plant with short and red tinged perigynia from western United States (Colorado, Montana, Utah, Wyoming) may represent a southern subspecies and should be studied in greater detail.

Selected References

None.

Key

1 Culms usually erect or, sometimes, nodding; leaves (1–)1.5–2.5 mm wide; terminal spike ellipsoid to subclavate. Carex brunnescens subsp. brunnescens
1 Culms ascending to arching; leaves (0.5–)1–1.5 mm wide; terminal spike often clavate. Carex brunnescens subsp. sphaerostachya

No values specified."shortened" is not a number.No values specified."bristlelike-prolonged" is not a number.

... more about "Carex brunnescens"
brown +  and pale +
0.125 cm1.25 mm <br />0.00125 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
ovate-orbiculate +
smaller +
0.8mm;1mm +
several-veined +
dark-brown +, brown +  and green +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
elliptic-ovate +
beaked +  and beakless +
papillose +  and smooth +
obtuse;acute +
Heikki Toivonen +
(Persoon) Poiret in J. Lamarck et al. +
truncate +  and rounded +
Carex curta var. brunnescens +
inconspicuous +
0.01 cm0.1 mm <br />1.0e-4 m <br /> (0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br />) +
25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br /> (40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br />) +
green +  and yellowish green +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br />) +
v--shaped +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
glumaceous +  and foliaceous +
2-ranked +  and arranged +
ascending +  and appressed +
scale-like +  and leaflike +
parallel +  and divergent +
terete +, rolled +  and plicate +
brown tinged +
subequal +
erect +  and arching +
round +  and trigonous +
slender +
15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br /> (90 cm900 mm <br />0.9 m <br />) +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.B. +, N.S. +, N.W.T. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Yukon +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Conn. +, Del. +, Ga. +, Idaho +, Ind. +, Maine +, Mass. +, Md. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mont. +, N.C. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, Ohio +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, Tenn. +, Utah +, Va. +, Vt. +, W.Va. +, Wash. +, Wis. +, Wyo. +  and Eurasia +
open +, pistillate +  and staminate +
hypogynous +  and subtending +
biconvex +  and trigonous +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
nodding +  and erect to somewhat +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
sessile +  and pistillate +
multi-ranked +, 2-ranked +, 3-ranked +  and alternate +
basal +  and cauline +
angled;rounded +
with (1-)3-6(-30) bristles and/or scales +
dark-brown +, brown +  and green +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
appressed-ascending +  and loosely spreading +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
2-3(-4)-carpellate +
3 (?) +  and 1 (?) +
sheathless +  and bristlelike +
in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl., Suppl. +
adventitious +
white-hyaline with green +
basal +  and proximal +
2-keeled +
cylindric +
Illustrated +
gynecandrous +
1 +  and 3 +
septate +, hollow +  and solid +
compressed +, terete +  and trigonous +
papillate +
deciduous +
2-3(-4)-fid +
Carex canescens var. brunnescens +  and Carex canescens subsp. brunnescens +
Carex brunnescens +
Carex sect. Glareosae +
species +
plant +  and cespitose +