familyCyperaceae
genusCarex
sectionCarex sect. Glareosae
speciesCarex heleonastes

Carex heleonastes

Linnaeus f.

Suppl. Pl., 414. 1782.

Heikki Toivonen
Common names: Carex des tourbières
Illustrated
Synonyms: Carex carltonia Dewey Carex heleonastes subsp. neurochlaena (T. Holm) Böcher Carex neurochlaena
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 316. Mentioned on page 312, 314.
Please click on the illustration for a higher resolution version.
Illustrator: Susan A. Reznicek

Copyright: Flora of North America Association

Plants loosely cespitose, in small clumps; rhizomes short. Culms erect, slender, 15–35 cm, rough distally. Leaves: sheaths pale-brown abaxially, inner band hyaline, often red tinged, concave at summit; ligules wider than long; blades pale green or slightly gray-green, flat or slightly involute, 5–15 cm × 1–2 mm, shorter than culms. Inflorescences 0.8–2 cm × 5–10 mm; proximal bracts scalelike, occasionally bristlelike, shorter than spikes. Spikes 3–4 (–6), lateral spikes gynecandrous, closely approximate or proximal spikes slightly separate, individually distinct, containing 5–10 perigynia, ovoid-globose, 4–7 × 5–10 mm; terminal spike not clavate. Pistillate scales redbrown with lighter center and broad white-hyaline margins, oblongovate, subequal to perigynia, apex obtuse. Perigynia appressed-ascending, green-white proximally and pale-brown distally, often mid brown in mature perigynia, finely several-veined, elliptic-obovate, 2.5–3.5 × 1.2–1.5 mm, widest near middle, subcoriaceous; beak short, entire or with few marginal teeth. Achenes redbrown, broadly obovate, 1.5 (–2) × 1–1.2 mm, dull to slightly glossy. 2n = 56.


Phenology: Fruiting Jun–Aug.
Habitat: Mires, damp meadows, lowlands
Elevation: 0–1500 m

Distribution

V23 554-distribution-map.jpg

Alta., B.C., Man., Nfld. and Labr., N.W.T., Ont., Que., Sask., Yukon, Alaska, Mich., Eurasia

Discussion

The rather doubtful species Carex neurochlaena T. Holm, described from Rink Rapids in Yukon, was recognized as C. heleonastes subsp. neurochlaena. It is characterized by slightly smaller perigynia with a short, smooth beak and distinct veins; scales with distinct, in some cases, rather broad hyaline margins; and spikelets brownish. Very little material of C. heleonastes, in the broad sense, is available from northern Yukon and Alaska, and the distinction and distribution between C. heleonastes and C. neurochlaena remains obscure. Most specimens collected from Alaska and identified as C. neurochlaena belong to C. marina.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"shortened" is not a number.No values specified.

... more about "Carex heleonastes"
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2n chromosome quantity
56 +
Abaxial margin architecture or shape
serrulate +
Abaxial suture architecture or shape
serrulate +
Achene atypical length
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Achene coloration
redbrown +
Achene length
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (?) +
Achene reflectance
dull +  and slightly glossy +
Achene shape
obovate +
Achene size
smaller +
Achene width
1mm;1.2mm +
Anther fixation
basifixed +
Apex architecture
beaked +  and beakless +
Apex pubescence
glabrous +
Apex relief
papillose +  and smooth +
Apex shape
obtuse +
Author
Heikki Toivonen +
Authority
Linnaeus f. +
Basal sheath duration
persisting +
Basal sheath texture
fibrous +
Base shape
truncate +  and rounded +
Beak architecture or shape
with few marginal teeth +  and entire +
Beak height or length or size
short +
Beak prominence
inconspicuous +
Beak some measurement
0.01 cm0.1 mm <br />1.0e-4 m <br /> (0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br />) +
Blade coloration
gray-green +  and pale green +
Blade height or length or size
shorter +
Blade length
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
Blade presence
absent +
Blade prominence or shape
flat +
Blade shape
involute +  and flat +
Blade width
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Bract architecture
glumaceous +  and foliaceous +
Bract architecture or shape
leaflike +
Bract arrangement
2-ranked +  and arranged +
Bract orientation
ascending +  and appressed +
Bract quantity
1;many +
Bract shape
scale-like +  and leaflike +
Branch atypical quantity
3 (4) +
Branch quantity
2;3 +
Bristle atypical quantity
6;30 +
Bristle quantity
3;6 +
Cauline leaf architecture or shape
folded +
Cauline leaf arrangement
parallel +  and divergent +
Cauline leaf arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Cauline leaf orientation
Ascending (?) +
Cauline leaf prominence or shape
flat +
Cauline leaf shape
terete +, rolled +  and plicate +
Center coloration
lighter +
Clump size
Small (?) +
Common name
Carex des tourbières +
Cross-section pubescence
glabrous +
Culm coloration
brown +
Culm orientation
erect +
Culm pubescence or relief
rough +
Culm shape
round +  and trigonous +
Culm size
slender +
Culm some measurement
15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br /> (35 cm350 mm <br />0.35 m <br />) +
Distal scale architecture
empty +
Distribution
Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, Nfld. and Labr. +, N.W.T. +, Ont. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Yukon +, Alaska +, Mich. +  and Eurasia +
Elevation
0–1500 m +
Embryo position
basal +
Endosperm quantity
abundant +
Flower architecture
open +, pistillate +  and staminate +
Flower position
hypogynous +  and subtending +
Flower quantity
single +
Flower reproduction
unisexual +
Fruits achene shape
biconvex +  and trigonous +
Habitat
Mires, damp meadows, lowlands +
Illustration
Present +
Illustration copyright
Flora of North America Association +
Illustrator
Susan A. Reznicek +
Inflorescence arrangement
racemose +
Inflorescence length
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Inflorescence position or structure subtype
terminal +
Inflorescence width
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Inflorescences panicle architecture
pseudoumbel +
Inflorescences panicle development
modified +
Inner band coloration
red tinged +  and hyaline +
Inner band shape
concave +
Lateral spike architecture
sessile +  and pistillate +
Lateral spike arrangement
approximate +
Lateral spike reproduction
gynecandrous +
Leaf arrangement
multi-ranked +, 2-ranked +, 3-ranked +  and alternate +
Leaf position
basal +  and cauline +
Ligule presence
absent +
Ligule width
wider than long +
Locule quantity
1 +
Margin coloration
white-hyaline +
Margin fusion
fused +
Margin shape
angled;rounded +
Margin width
broad +
Marginal tooth quantity
few +
Midvein fusion
distinct +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Panicle arrangement
arranged +
Perianth life cycle
falling +
Perianth presence
absent +
Perianth quantity
with (1-)3-6(-30) bristles and/or scales +
Pericarp width
thin +
Perigynium architecture
several-veined +
Perigynium coloration
brown +  and green-white proximally and pale-brown +
Perigynium length
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
Perigynium life cycle
mature +
Perigynium orientation
appressed-ascending +
Perigynium position
mid +
Perigynium quantity
5 (10) +
Perigynium shape
Elliptic-obovate (?) +
Perigynium some measurement
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Perigynium texture
subcoriaceous +
Phenology
Fruiting Jun–Aug. +
Pistil architecture
2-3(-4)-carpellate +
Pistil fusion
fused +
Pistil quantity
1 +
Prophyll architecture
pistillate +
Prophyll atypical quantity
0 (3) +
Prophyll position
subtending +
Prophyll quantity
3 (?) +  and 1 (?) +
Proximal bract architecture
bristlelike +
Proximal bract height or length or size
shorter +
Proximal bract prominence
inconspicuous +
Proximal bract shape
scale-like +
Proximal scale architecture
pistillate +
Proximal spike arrangement
separate +
Proximal spike fusion
distinct +
Proximal spike length
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
Proximal spike shape
Ovoid-globose (?) +
Proximal spike width
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Publication title
Suppl. Pl., +
Publication year
1782 +
Raceme arrangement
arranged +
Reference
None +
Rhizome height or length or size
short +
Root derivation
adventitious +
Root texture
fibrous +
Scale architecture
pistillate +
Scale atypical quantity
6 (30) +
Scale coloration
redbrown +
Scale position
basal +  and proximal +
Scale quantity
1;0;1 +
Scale reproduction
fertile +
Scale shape
2-keeled +
Scale size
subequal +
Seed quantity
1 +
Sheath coloration
Pale-brown (?) +
Sheath front texture
membranous +
Sheath shape
cylindric +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V23/V23 554.xml +
Special status
Illustrated +
Spike arrangement
arranged +
Spike atypical quantity
4 (6) +
Spike quantity
3;4 +
Spike rachis pubescence
glabrous +
Spikelet architecture
1-flowered +
Stamen atypical quantity
1 (3) +
Stamen fusion
distinct +
Stamen quantity
1 +  and 3 +
Stem architecture
septate +, hollow +  and solid +
Stem shape
compressed +, terete +  and trigonous +
Stigma quantity
2 +
Stigma relief
papillate +
Style architecture or shape
undivided +
Style arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Style duration
deciduous +
Style shape
2-3(-4)-fid +
Synonyms
Carex carltonia +, Carex heleonastes subsp. neurochlaena +  and Carex neurochlaena +
Taxon family
Cyperaceae +
Taxon name
Carex heleonastes +
Taxon parent
Carex sect. Glareosae +
Taxon rank
species +
Terminal spike reproduction
gynecandrous +
Terminal spike shape
not clavate +
Testa fusion
free +
Testa width
thin +
Tissue texture
spongy +
Volume
Volume 23 +
Whole organism architecture
rhizomatous +
Whole organism duration
perennial +
Whole organism growth form
plant +  and cespitose +
X chromosome quantity
27;33 +