Cyperus lupulinus

(Sprengel) Marcks

Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 62: 271. 1974.

IllustratedEndemic
Basionym: Scirpus lupulinus Sprengel Mant. Prim. Fl. Hal., 30. 1807
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 176. Mentioned on page 144, 147, 175.

Herbs, perennial, cespitose, bases cormose; rhizomes knotted, beaded. Culms trigonous, (3–) 10–50 cm × 0.4–1.2 mm, glabrous. Leaves flat, 5–40 cm × 1–3.5 mm. Inflorescences: spikes rather densely ovoid to globose, 1.2–3.5 cm; rays 0 or 1–4, 1–6 cm; rachis 1–3.5 mm; bracts 2–4, horizontal to reflexed, flat, 6–25 cm; rachilla ± deciduous, wingless. Spikelets 15–60, compressed, oblong-lanceoloid, (3–) 6–22 × 2.5–4 mm; floral scales deciduous, 5–22, off-white to light reddish-brown, laterally 3–5-ribbed, ovate-elliptic, 2.5–4 × 2–2.6 mm, margins loosely spreading or clasping achene, apex entire to mucronate, mucro 0.05–0.2 mm. Flowers: anthers 0.3–0.6 mm; styles 1 mm; stigmas 1–1.5 mm. Achenes dark-brown or black, sessile, oblongellipsoid to ellipsoid, 1.7–2.2 × 0.8–1.2 mm, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. 2n = 166.

Distribution

V23 295-distribution-map.jpg

N.B., N.S., Ont., Que., Ark., Colo., Conn., D.C., Del., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., Maine, Mass., Md., Mich., Minn., Mo., N.C., N.H., N.J., N.Y., Nebr., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., Tenn., Tex., Va., Vt., W.Va., Wis.

Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Cyperus lupulinus was studied in detail (B. G. Marcks 1974). Ranges of the two subspecies overlap somewhat. Cyperus lupulinus subsp. lupulinus is found chiefly in the Great Plains, and subsp. macilentus is centered in the Northeast. It is seldom difficult to assign specimens to subspecies.

The hybrid of Cyperus lupulinus with C. schweinitzii is C. ×mesochorus Geise. It is occasionally encountered with the two parent species in the north-central states (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin) and has been recorded once from Quebec. The hybrid is similar in size to C. schweinitzii; it has fewer rays, inflorescence bracts 30–45º above horizontal, and floral scales with mucros 0.4–0.5 mm.

Selected References

None.

Key

1 Floral scales 2.5–4 mm, margins not clasping achene; spikelets with 5–22 floral scales. Cyperus lupulinus subsp. lupulinus
1 Floral scales 1.8–2.5 mm, margins tightly clasping achene; spikelets with 3–7 floral scales. Cyperus lupulinus subsp. macilentus

"shortened" is not a number.

... more about "Cyperus lupulinus"
black +  and dark-brown +
0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br /> (0.22 cm2.2 mm <br />0.0022 m <br />) +
ellipsoid +
0.8mm;1.2mm +
0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br /> (0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br />) +
obtuse;entire;mucronate +
Gordon C. Tucker* +, Brian G. Marcks* +  and J. Richard Carter * +
(Sprengel) Marcks +
persistent +  and deciduous +
decurrent +
Scirpus lupulinus +
w--shaped +  and keeled +
glumaceous +  and foliaceous +
2-ranked +  and arranged +
horizontal +  and reflexed +
6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br /> (25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br />) +
parallel +  and divergent +
terete +, rolled +  and plicate +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (50 cm500 mm <br />0.5 m <br />) +
scabridulous +
trigonous +
0.4mm;1.2mm +
N.B. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, Que. +, Ark. +, Colo. +, Conn. +, D.C. +, Del. +, Ga. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Ky. +, Maine +, Mass. +, Md. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mo. +, N.C. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, Nebr. +, Ohio +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Va. +, Vt. +, W.Va. +  and Wis. +
off-white +  and light reddish-brown +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
ovate-elliptic +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.26 cm2.6 mm <br />0.0026 m <br />) +
hypogynous +  and subtending +
biconvex +  and trigonous +
subumbellate +  and capitate +
spreading +  and erect +
multi-ranked +, 2-ranked +, 3-ranked +  and alternate +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (?) +  and 40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br /> (?) +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
0.005 cm0.05 mm <br />5.0e-5 m <br /> (0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br />) +
with (1-)3-6(-30) bristles and/or scales +
2-3(-4)-carpellate +
antrorse +  and extrorse +
3 (?) +  and 1 (?) +
Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. +
conspicuous +
unequal +
1 +  and 4 +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
beaded +  and knotted +
adventitious +
basal +  and proximal +
cylindric;compressed +
cylindric +
Illustrated +  and Endemic +
rather densely ovoid;globose +
1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br /> (3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br />) +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (2.2 cm22 mm <br />0.022 m <br />) +
15 +  and 60 +
oblong-lanceoloid;compressed +
2.5mm;4mm +
septate +, hollow +  and solid +
compressed +, terete +  and trigonous +
papillate +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
2-3-fid +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (?) +
Undefined subg. Chlorocyperus +, Cyperus subg. Mariscus +  and Undefined subg. Papyrus +
Cyperus lupulinus +
Cyperus subg. Cyperus +
species +
tuberous +, stoloniferous +  and rhizomatous +
herb +  and cespitose +