familyRanunculaceae
genusDelphinium
sectionDelphinium sect. Diedropetala
subsectionDelphinium subsect. Bicoloria
speciesDelphinium nudicaule

Delphinium nudicaule

Torrey & A. Gray

Fl. N. Amer. 1: 33. 1838.

Michael J. Warnock
Common names: Red larkspur scarlet larkspur
EndemicIllustrated
Basionym: Delphinium armeniacum A. Heller 1940
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
Please click on the illustration for a higher resolution version.
Illustrator: John Myers

Copyright: Flora of North America Association

Stems (15-) 20-50 (-125) cm; base reddish, glabrous. Leaves mostly on proximal 1/3 of stem; basal leaves 2-7 at anthesis; cauline leaves 3-4 at anthesis; petiole 0.5-14 cm. Leaf-blade round to pentagonal, 2-6 × 3-10 cm; ultimate lobes 3-12, width 5-40 mm (basal), 2-20 mm (cauline). Inflorescences 5-20 (-69) -flowered; pedicel (1.5-) 2-6 (-8) cm, glabrous to glandular-pubescent; bracteoles 14-20 (-30) mm from flowers, green to red, linear, 2-4 (-9) mm, glabrous to puberulent. Flowers: sepals scarlet to reddish orange, rarely dull yellow, glabrous, lateral sepals forward-pointing to form pseudotube, (6-) 8-13 (-16) × 3-6 mm, spurs straight, slightly ascending, (12-) 18-27 (-34) mm; lower petal blades elevated, exposing stamens, 2-3 mm, clefts 0.5-1 mm; hairs sparse, evenly dispersed, yellow. Fruits 13-26 mm, 3.5-4.5 times longer than wide, glabrous. Seeds unwinged or sometimes slightly wing-margined; seed-coat cells with surfaces smooth. 2n = 16.


Phenology: Flowering late winter–early summer.
Habitat: Moist talus, cliff faces
Elevation: 0-2600 m

Distribution

V3 414-distribution-map.gif

Calif., Oreg.

Discussion

Delphinium nudicaule hybridizes with most other taxa of Delphinium that it encounters. Apparent hybrids involving D. nudicaule, and seen by the author (either afield or as specimens), include D. andersonii, D. antoninum, D. decorum, D. luteum, D. nuttallianum, D. patens, and D. trolliifolium. In addition, garden-grown plants have been hybridized with D. cardinale, D. elatum, D. menziesii, D. parishii, D. penardii, D. tatsienense Franchet, D. triste Fischer ex de Candolle, and D. uliginosum; D. nudicaule does not naturally occur with these species. Delphinium nudicaule is one of the earliest larkspurs to flower in any given locality. Douglas's type collection of D. nudicaule represents plants (synonyms D. sarcophyllum Hooker & Arnott and D. peltatum Hooker, an invalid name) grown under very moist conditions, probably quite near the ocean. The type specimen of D. armeniacum A. Heller represents plants grown under unusually dry conditions.

The Mendocino Indians consider Delphinium nudicaule a narcotic (D. E. Moerman 1986).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"/" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Delphinium nudicaule"
RDF feed
2n chromosome quantity
16 +
Anther dehiscence
dehiscing +
Author
Michael J. Warnock +
Authority
Torrey & A. Gray +
Basal leaf quantity
2;7 +
Basal leaf size
usually larger +
Basal petiole orientation
spreading +
Base coloration
reddish +
Base fixation
attached +
Base pubescence
glabrous +
Base shape
narrowed +
Base size
expanded +
Basionyms
Delphinium armeniacum +
Beak course
straight +
Beak position or structure subtype
terminal +
Beak some measurement
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Blade shape
lobing +
Bract quantity
fewer +
Bract shape
lobed +
Bract size
smaller +
Bracteole architecture
sepaloid +
Bracteole arrangement
subopposite-subalternate +
Bracteole arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Bracteole atypical some measurement
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
Bracteole coloration
green +  and red +
Bracteole location
1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Bracteole presence
absent +
Bracteole pubescence
glabrous +  and puberulent +
Bracteole some measurement
2mm;4mm +
Bud size
minute +
Bud some measurement
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (?) +
Capsule arrangement
aggregated +
Capsule shape
globose;cylindric +
Cauline leaf arrangement
alternate +
Cauline leaf quantity
3 (4) +
Cauline petiole orientation
ascending +
Cell margin course
straight +
Cell shape
elongate +
Cleft some measurement
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
Common name
Red larkspur +  and scarlet larkspur +
Distribution
Calif. +  and Oreg. +
Elevation
0-2600 m +
Embryo size
small +
Endosperm quantity
abundant +
Flower architecture
sessile +  and pedicellate +
Flower architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Flower architecture or shape
symmetric +
Flower prominence
showy +  and inconspicuous +
Flower quantity
2;6 +
Flower reproduction
bisexual +
Form atypical length
1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br /> (1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br />) +
Form length
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br />) +
Form width
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
Fruit l w ratio
3.5-4.5 +
Fruit orientation
spreading +
Fruit pubescence
glabrous +
Fruit quantity
5 +
Fruit some measurement
1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br /> (2.6 cm26 mm <br />0.026 m <br />) +
Fruits follicle architecture
sessile +  and aggregate +
Fruits follicle shape
curved-cylindric +
Habitat
Moist talus, cliff faces +
Hair coloration
yellow +
Hair count or density
sparse +
Hair density
dispersed +
Illustration
Present +
Illustration copyright
Flora of North America Association +
Illustrator
John Myers +
Inflorescence architecture
5-20(-69)-flowered +
Inflorescence l w ratio
3+ +
Inflorescence position
axillary +  and terminal +
Inflorescence position or structure subtype
terminal +
Inflorescence shape
pyramidal +
Lateral sepal orientation
forward-pointing +
Lateral sepal quantity
2 +
Lateral sepal shape
less ovate +  and elliptic +
Lateral sepal some measurement
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br />) +
Leaf-blade architecture
compound +
Leaf-blade architecture or shape
undivided +
Leaf-blade length
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
Leaf-blade shape
round +  and pentagonal +
Leaf-blade width
3cm;10cm +
Leaf architecture
petiolate +
Leaf arrangement
whorled +, opposite +  and alternate +
Leaf position
cauline +  and basal +
Leaf size
reduced +
Lobe shape
lacerate;crenate +
Lower petal quantity
2 +
Lower petal shape
clawed +, 2-lobed +, ovate +  and plane +
Lower petal some measurement
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
Lower sepal quantity
2 +
Margin architecture
palmate +  and pinnate +
Margin architecture or shape
entire +
Margin shape
incised;toothed;incised;toothed;entire +
Midpedicel angle degree
30+° +
Nectary presence
absent +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Other size
smaller +
Ovule quantity
8;20 +
Pedicel atypical some measurement
6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br /> (8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br />) +
Pedicel orientation
spreading +
Pedicel presence
absent +
Pedicel pubescence
glabrous +  and glandular-pubescent +
Pedicel some measurement
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
Perianth position
hypogynous +
Petal blade prominence
elevated +
Petal blade some measurement
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Petal fusion
distinct +
Petal prominence
conspicuous +
Petal quantity
0;26 +
Petal shape
spurred +, funnel--shaped +, cup-shaped +  and plane +
Petal size
reduced +
Petiole architecture or shape
sheathing +
Petiole height or length or size
shorter +
Petiole presence
absent +
Petiole some measurement
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (14 cm140 mm <br />0.14 m <br />) +
Phenology
Flowering late winter–early summer. +
Pistil architecture
simple +
Pistil atypical quantity
3 (5) +
Pistil quantity
3 +
Pseudotube atypical length
1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br /> (1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br />) +
Pseudotube length
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br />) +
Pseudotube width
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
Publication title
Fl. N. Amer. +
Publication year
1838 +
Raceme architecture
2-100-flowered +
Raceme some measurement
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br />) +
Reference
None +
Ridge quantity
lacking +
Ridge shape
wavy +
Root architecture
braided +  and 2-9-branched +
Root architecture or arrangement
fasciculate +
Root atypical some measurement
30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br /> (40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br />) +
Root condition or texture
dry +
Root location
1 +
Root shape
tuberlike +
Root some measurement
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br />) +
Root texture
diffuse-fibrous +
Seed architecture
wing-margined +  and unwinged +
Seed coloration
dark-brown +  and black +
Seed length
0.16 cm1.6 mm <br />0.0016 m <br /> (0.29 cm2.9 mm <br />0.0029 m <br />) +
Seed pubescence or relief
rough +
Seed quantity
1;many +
Seed relief
ringed +
Seed shape
obpyramidal +
Seed width
0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br /> (0.19 cm1.9 mm <br />0.0019 m <br />) +
Sepal architecture
petaloid +
Sepal architecture or shape
spurred +
Sepal arrangement
imbricate +
Sepal atypical quantity
6 (20) +
Sepal coloration
yellow;scarlet;reddish orange +
Sepal duration
not persistent +
Sepal fusion
distinct +
Sepal pubescence
glabrous +
Sepal quantity
3 +  and 6 +
Sepal reflectance
dull +
Side architecture
not +  and veined +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V3/V3 414.xml +
Special status
Endemic +  and Illustrated +
Spur atypical some measurement
2.7 cm27 mm <br />0.027 m <br /> (3.4 cm34 mm <br />0.034 m <br />) +
Spur course
straight +
Spur orientation
ascending +
Spur some measurement
1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br /> (2.7 cm27 mm <br />0.027 m <br />) +
Stamen fusion
distinct +
Stamen quantity
25;40 +
Staminode presence
absent +
Stem architecture
unbranched +
Stem atypical quantity
1 (2) +
Stem atypical some measurement
50 cm500 mm <br />0.5 m <br /> (125 cm1,250 mm <br />1.25 m <br />) +
Stem quantity
1 +
Stem some measurement
20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> (50 cm500 mm <br />0.5 m <br />) +
Stipule presence
absent +
Style duration
persistent +
Style presence
absent +
Surface architecture or pubescence or relief
smooth +
Taxon family
Ranunculaceae +
Taxon name
Delphinium nudicaule +
Taxon parent
Delphinium subsect. Bicoloria +
Taxon rank
species +
Ultimate lobe quantity
3 (12) +
Ultimate lobe some measurement
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Ultimate lobe width
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
Upper petal architecture or shape
spurred +
Upper petal quantity
2 +
Upper sepal architecture or shape
spurred +
Upper sepal quantity
1 +
Upper sepal some measurement
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (2.4 cm24 mm <br />0.024 m <br />) +
Volume
Volume 3 +
Week atypical quantity
6 (10) +
Week quantity
2 (6) +
Whole organism architecture
rhizomatous +
Whole organism duration
perennial +
Whole organism growth form
herb +
Whole organism position
low +
Whole organism texture
herbaceous +  and woody +
X chromosome quantity
8 +