Fallopia ×bohemica

(Chrtek & Chrtková) J. P. Bailey

Watsonia 17: 443. 1989.

Common names: Bohemian knotweed
Basionym: Reynoutria ×bohemica Chrtek & Chrtková as. Nár. Muz. Praze Rada Prír. 152: 120. 1983
Synonyms: Polygonum ×bohemicum (Chrtek & Chrtková) Zika & Jacobson
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 542. Mentioned on page 541, 543.

Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, 1.5–2.5 m. Stems usually clustered, erect, profusely branched, herbaceous, stiff, glabrous, glaucous. Leaves: ocrea usually deciduous, brownish, cylindric, 4–6 (–10) mm, margins oblique, face without reflexed hairs and slender bristles at base, otherwise glabrous or minutely puberulent; petiole 1–3 cm, glabrous; blade ovate, 5–25 (–30) × 2–10 cm, base truncate to cordate, margins entire, glabrous or scabrous to ciliate, apex cuspidate, abaxial face minutely dotted, glaucous, with hairs along veins unicellular or appearing so, obscure, shorter than 0.1 mm, tips acute, adaxial face glabrous. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, erect or spreading, paniclelike or sometimes racemelike, 4–12 cm, axes puberulent; peduncle 0.1–3.5 cm or absent, puberulent. Pedicels ascending or spreading, articulated proximal to middle, 3–5 mm, glabrous. Flowers bisexual or pistillate, 3–8 (–15) per ocreate fascicle; perianth accrescent in fruit, white or greenish white to pink, 4–6 mm including stipelike base, glabrous; tepals obovate to elliptic, apex obtuse to acute, outer 3 winged; stamens 8; filaments flattened proximally, glabrous; styles connate basally; stigmas fimbriate. Achenes included, dark-brown, 2.6–3.2 × 1.4–1.8 mm, shiny, smooth; fruiting perianth glabrous, wings flat to undulate, 1.5–2.1 mm wide at maturity, decurrent on stipelike base nearly to articulation, margins entire. 2n = 44, 66, 88 (Korea).


Phenology: Flowering Jul–Oct.
Habitat: Disturbed places
Elevation: 0-800 m

Distribution

V5 1109-distribution-map.gif

Introduced; B.C., N.S., Que., Conn., Idaho, Ill., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Minn., Nebr., N.Y., N.C., Oreg., Pa., Tenn., Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Europe

Discussion

Fallopia ×bohemica is a widespread hybrid between F. japonica and F. sachalinensis. It went unnoticed in the North American flora until recently (P. F. Zika and A. L. Jacobson 2003). It exhibits morphological intermediacy with its parents and is distinguished most reliably by the pubescence along the veins on the abaxial surface of leaves produced early in the growing season. Hairs of F. sachalinensis are multicellular, usually twisted, acute to acuminate at the tip, and 0.2–0.6 mm; those of F. japonica are unicellular, blunt, and barely raised, making the veins appear scabrous. Fallopia ×bohemica has hairs that are unicellular or appearing so (actually often obscurely multicelluar), acute at the tip, and shorter than 0.1 mm. The hairs are easiest to find on fresh leaves; older leaves often are glabrescent and diagnostic hairs are hard to find. Hybrid specimens are most often misidentified as F. japonica.

Like its parents, Fallopia ×bohemica is gynodioecious. J. P. Bailey et al. (1996) reported it to be partially to fully fertile. In North America, reproduction appears to be largely vegetative by rhizomes.

Lower Taxa

None.

"/2" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Fallopia ×bohemica"
88 +, 66 +  and 44 +
0.26 cm2.6 mm <br />0.0026 m <br /> (0.32 cm3.2 mm <br />0.0032 m <br />) +
3-gonous +
1.4mm;1.8mm +
yellow +  and pink or red +
ovate +  and elliptic +
obtuse;acute +
Craig C. Freeman +  and Harold R. Hinds† +
(Chrtek & Chrtková) J. P. Bailey +
puberulent +
stipelike +, decurrent +, truncate +  and cordate +
Reynoutria ×bohemica +
25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br /> (30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br />) +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br />) +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
foliaceous +  and perfoliate +
scale-like +
just below the soil surface or and above the soil surface +  and spreading +
Bohemian knotweed +
B.C. +, N.S. +, Que. +, Conn. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Ky. +, La. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Minn. +, Nebr. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, Tenn. +, Vt. +, Va. +, Wash. +, W.Va. +, Wis. +  and Europe +
0-800 m +
free +  and distinct +
flattened +
disarticulating +  and solid +
decumbent to erect +  and prostrate +
unwinged +  and winged +
black +, red +, brown +  and yellowish +
exserted +  and included +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
spheroidal +, 4-gonous +, lenticular +, biconvex +, discoid +, 3-gonous +  and 2-gonous +
Disturbed places +
not +  and pedunculate +
spreading +  and erect +
racemelike +  and paniclelike +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br />) +
nonmembranous +
deciduous +
cauline +  and basal +
scabrous +  and glabrous +
wavy +  and entire +
swollen +
partly +  and foliaceous +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
cylindric +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
coriaceous +  and membranous +
anatropous +, , +  and orthotropous +
spreading;ascending +
proximal +  and middle +
accrescent +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
spreading;erect +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br />) +
greenish white;pink +
campanulate +
accrescent +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
fleshy +, indurate +  and membranous +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
Flowering Jul–Oct. +
(2-)3(-4)-carpellate +
zika2003a +
rhizomatous +
slender;stout +
woody +  and fibrous +
puberulent +  and glabrous +
procumbent +  and scandent +
glaucous +  and glabrous +
fimbriate +
deciduous +  and persistent +
2-lobed +  and cylindric +
coriaceous +  and membranous +
spreading;erect +
Polygonum ×bohemicum +
Fallopia ×bohemica +
Fallopia +
species +
obovate +  and elliptic +
coriaceous +
persistent +
membranous +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
appearing +  and unicellular +
flat;undulate +
1.5mm;2.1mm +