Persicaria punctata

(Elliott) Small

Fl. S.E. U.S., 379. 1903.

Common names: Dotted smartweed renouée ponctuée
WeedyIllustrated
Basionym: Polygonum punctatum Elliott Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 455. 1817
Synonyms: Polygonum acre var. leptostachyum Meisner Polygonum punctatum var. confertiflorum (Meisner) Small Polygonum punctatum var. ellipticum Fassett Polygonum punctatum var. leptostachyum (Meisner) Small Polygonum punctatum var. parviflorum Fassett Polygonum punctatum var. parvum Marie-Victorin & Rousseau
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 586. Mentioned on page 582, 587, 591.

Plants annual or perennial, 1.5–12 dm; roots also often arising from proximal nodes; rhizomes often present. Stems ascending to erect, branched, without noticeable ribs, glabrous, glandular-punctate. Leaves: ocrea brown, cylindric, (4–) 9–18 mm, chartaceous, base inflated, margins truncate, ciliate with bristles 2–11 mm, surface glabrous or strigose, glandular-punctate; petiole 0.1–1 cm, glandular-punctate, leaves sometimes sessile; blade without dark triangular or lunate blotch adaxially, lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate or subrhombic, 4–10 (–15) × 0.6–2.4 cm, base tapered or cuneate, margins antrorsely strigose, apex acute to acuminate, faces glabrous or scabrous along midveins, glandular-punctate. Inflorescences mostly terminal, sometimes also axillary, erect, interrupted, 50–200 × 4–8 mm; peduncle 30–60 mm, glabrous, glandular-punctate; ocreolae mostly not overlapping, margins mostly ciliate with bristles to 2 mm. Pedicels ascending, 1–4 mm. Flowers 2–6 per ocreate fascicle, homostylous; perianth greenish proximally, white distally, rarely tinged pink, glandular-punctate with punctae ± uniformly distributed, scarcely accrescent; tepals 5, connate ca. 1/3 their length, obovate, 3–3.5 mm, veins prominent or not, not anchor-shaped, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 6–8, included; anthers pink or red, elliptic to ovate; styles 2–3, connate proximally. Achenes included or apex exserted, brownish black, usually 3-gonous, rarely biconvex, (1.8–) 2.2–3.2 × 1.5–2.2 mm, shiny, smooth. 2n = 44.


Phenology: Flowering Jun–Nov.
Habitat: Shallow water, shores, marshes, floodplain forests
Elevation: 0-1500 m

Distribution

V5 1197-distribution-map.gif

B.C., Man., N.B., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Ala., Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo., Mexico, West Indies (Puerto Rico), Central America (Guatemala), South America (Brazil), Pacific Islands (Hawaii)

Discussion

N. C. Fassett (1949) proposed a complicated classification for Persicaria punctata with 12 varieties in North America and South America. He also identified numerous specimens that he considered to be morphologically intermediate between various varieties. M. Dalci (1972) documented a wide range of phenotypic and genotypic variation throughout the range of P. punctata and extensive overlap in many of the features used by Fassett to distinguish varieties. Consequently, recognition of varieties does not seem warranted. Persicaria punctata and its close relatives P. robustior and P. glabra are unique among native North American smartweeds in possessing complex glands called valvate chambers in their epidermises. Persicaria punctata is confused most frequently with P. hydropiper; the achenes are diagnostic.

The Chippewa, Houma, and Iroquois prepared decoctions from leaves, flowers, and roots for use as analgesics as well as gastrointestinal, orthopedic, and psychological aids (D. E. Moerman 1998).

Lower Taxa

None.

"/2" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Persicaria punctata"
dark-brown;black +
exserted +  and included +
spheroidal +, 2-3-gonous +, biconvex +  and discoid +
red +  and pink +
elliptic +  and ovate +
obtuse;rounded +
not +  and swollen +
Harold R. Hinds† +  and Craig C. Freeman +
(Elliott) Small +
cuneate +, tapered +  and inflated +
Polygonum punctatum +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
lanceolate;lanceolate-ovate or subrhombic +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (2.4 cm24 mm <br />0.024 m <br />) +
lunate +, triangular +  and dark +
foliaceous +  and perfoliate +
scale-like +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
just below the soil surface or and above the soil surface +  and spreading +
Dotted smartweed +  and renouée ponctuée +
B.C. +, Man. +, N.B. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Ala. +, Ariz. +, Ark. +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Conn. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Ky. +, La. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, Mont. +, Nebr. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Mex. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, N.Dak. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.C. +, S.Dak. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Vt. +, Va. +, Wash. +, W.Va. +, Wis. +, Wyo. +, Mexico +, West Indies (Puerto Rico) +, Central America (Guatemala) +, South America (Brazil) +  and Pacific Islands (Hawaii) +
0-1500 m +
glandular-punctate +
adnate +, connate +  and distinct +
disarticulating +  and solid +
decumbent to erect +  and prostrate +
unwinged +  and winged +
black +, red +, brown +  and yellowish +
exserted +  and included +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
spheroidal +, 4-gonous +, lenticular +, biconvex +, discoid +, 3-gonous +  and 2-gonous +
Shallow water, shores, marshes, floodplain forests +
0.18 cm1.8 mm <br />0.0018 m <br /> (0.22 cm2.2 mm <br />0.0022 m <br />) +
0.22 cm2.2 mm <br />0.0022 m <br /> (0.32 cm3.2 mm <br />0.0032 m <br />) +
biconvex +  and 3-gonous +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.22 cm2.2 mm <br />0.0022 m <br />) +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br />) +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
nonmembranous +
deciduous +
entire +  and truncate +
swollen +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
disintegrating +
deciduous +  and persistent +
scabrous +  and variously pubescent +
cylindric +
0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> (1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br />) +
coriaceous +
anatropous +, , +  and orthotropous +
accrescent +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
spreading;erect +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
tinged pink;white;greenish +
campanulate +
accrescent +
not auriculate +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Flowering Jun–Nov. +
(2-)3(-4)-carpellate +
Fl. S.E. U.S., +
fassett1949a +
noticeable +
slender;stout +
Weedy +  and Illustrated +
6 +  and 8 +
glandular-punctate +
scandent +  and prostrate +
ascending +  and erect +
penicillate +, fimbriate +  and capitate +
deciduous +  and persistent +
2-lobed +  and cylindric +
coriaceous +  and membranous +
deciduous +
exserted +  and included +
spreading;erect +
strigose +  and glabrous +
Polygonum acre var. leptostachyum +, Polygonum punctatum var. confertiflorum +, Polygonum punctatum var. ellipticum +, Polygonum punctatum var. leptostachyum +, Polygonum punctatum var. parviflorum +  and Polygonum punctatum var. parvum +
Persicaria punctata +
Persicaria sect. Persicaria +
species +
obovate +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
coriaceous +
persistent +
membranous +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
not +  and prominent +
not anchor--shaped +
stoloniferous +, rhizomatous +, fibrous-rooted +  and taprooted +
perennial +  and annual +
12 +, 11 +  and 10 +