Ranunculus acris

Linnaeus

Sp. Pl. 1: 554. 1753.

Common names: Renoncule âcre bouton d'or
Illustrated
Synonyms: Ranunculus acris var. latisectus Beck
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.

Stems erect from short caudex or rhizome, never rooting nodally, hispid, strigose, or glabrous, base not bulbous. Roots never tuberous. Basal leaf-blades pentagonal in outline, deeply 3-5-parted, 1.8-5.2 × 2.7-9.8 cm, segments 1-2×-lobed or parted, ultimate segments narrowly elliptic or oblong to lanceolate, margins toothed or lobulate, apex acute to rounded. Flowers: receptacle glabrous; sepals spreading, 4-6 (-9) × 2-5 mm, hispid; petals 5, yellow, 8-11 (-17) × 7-13 mm. Heads of achenes globose, 5-7 (-10) mm wide; achenes 2-3 × 1.8-2.4 mm, glabrous, margin forming narrow rib 0.1-0.2 mm wide; beak persistent, deltate, usually with tip short or long, straight or curved, subulate, 0.2-1 mm. 2n = 14.


Phenology: Flowering spring–summer (May–Sep).
Habitat: Meadows, stream banks, roadsides, and old fields
Elevation: 0-2300 m

Distribution

V3 215-distribution-map.gif

Introduced; Largely, Greenland, St. Pierre and Miquelon, Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.W.T., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Ala., Alaska, Ariz., Calif., Conn., Del., D.C., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo., South America, Eurasia, Pacific Islands, Australia

Discussion

Ranunculus acris is variable in form and division of leaves, size of achene beak, and form of indument on the proximal stem. Most North American plants are weedy and have poorly differentiated caudices; these forms probably were introduced from Eurasia. Rhizomatous plants with large flowers (parenthetic measurements above) found in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska and in Greenland are probably native. Aleutian populations of this form have been called R. acris var. frigidus Regel or R. grandis Honda var. austrokurilensis (Tatewaki) H. Hara. Both names were originally applied to Asiatic plants, and their applicability to American specimens is open to question.

Some Native American tribes used Ranunculus acris as an analgesic, a dermatological or oral aid, an antidiarrheal, antihermorrhagic, and a sedative (D. E. Moerman 1986).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"high" is not a number.

... more about "Ranunculus acris"
not prolonged +
3-15 times as wide as thick +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
1.8mm;2.4mm +
acute +  and rounded +
Alan T. Whittemore +
Linnaeus +
1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br /> (5.2 cm52 mm <br />0.052 m <br />) +
2.7 cm27 mm <br />0.027 m <br /> (9.8 cm98 mm <br />0.098 m <br />) +
not bulbous +
cuneate +, truncate +  and cordate +
curved +  and straight +
persistent +
subulate +  and deltate +
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
large +  and small +
globose;cylindric +
Renoncule âcre +  and bouton d'or +
1-50-flowered +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br />) +
Largely +, Greenland +, St. Pierre and Miquelon +, Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.) +, N.W.T. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Ala. +, Alaska +, Ariz. +, Calif. +, Conn. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Ga. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Ky. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mo. +, Mont. +, Nebr. +, Nev. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, N.Dak. +, Ohio +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.C. +, S.Dak. +, Tenn. +, Utah +, Vt. +, Va. +, Wash. +, W.Va. +, Wis. +, Wyo. +, South America +, Eurasia +, Pacific Islands +  and Australia +
0-2300 m +
showy +  and inconspicuous +
sessile +  and aggregate +
cylindric;obovoid;cylindric;obovoid;globose;lenticular;discoid +
Meadows, stream banks, roadsides, and old fields +
globose +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
axillary +  and terminal +
reniform +  and linear +
whorled +, opposite +  and alternate +
cauline +  and basal +
parted +  and lobed +
palmate +  and pinnate +
lobulate;toothed +
0.1mm;0.2mm +
1.1 cm11 mm <br />0.011 m <br /> (1.7 cm17 mm <br />0.017 m <br />) +
distinct +
8mm;11mm +
conspicuous +
linear +  and orbiculate +
reduced +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (2.6 cm26 mm <br />0.026 m <br />) +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br />) +
Flowering spring–summer (May–Sep). +
4 +  and 250 +
nodal +  and basal +
not arillate +  and stalked +
parted +  and 1-2×-lobed +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
white;yellow;white;yellow;purple;sometimes;green +
deciduous +
distinct +
oblong +  and elliptic ovate or lanceolate +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
W2 +  and Illustrated +
(5-)10-many +
glabrous +, strigose +  and hispid +
persistent +
Ranunculus acris var. latisectus +
Ranunculus acris +
Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus +
species +
perennial +  and annual +
glabrous +  and hispid +
herbaceous +  and woody +