familyRanunculaceae
genusRanunculus
subgenusRanunculus subg. Ranunculus
sectionRanunculus sect. Echinella
speciesRanunculus arvensis

Ranunculus arvensis

Linnaeus

Sp. Pl. 1: 555. 1753.

Alan T. Whittemore
Introduced
Synonyms: Ranunculus arvensis var. tuberculatus de Candolle
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.

Stems erect or ascending, sparsely pilose. Basal and lower cauline leaf-blades obovate to rhombic in outline, 3-parted or 3 (-5) -foliolate, 1.8-5.2 × 1.6-4.2 cm, leaflets oblanceolate or divided into oblanceolate or linear segments, leaflet base narrowly acuminate, margins entire or distally dentate, apex rounded or acuminate. Flowers pedicellate; receptacle sparsely hispid; sepals 5, spreading, 4-7 × 1-2 mm, strigose; petals 5, 5-8 × 2-4 mm. Heads of achenes discoid, 8-9 mm across; achenes 5-8 per head, 4-6.4 × 2.8-4.4 mm, faces and margin covered with long spines, glabrous; beak lance-subulate, straight, 1.6-3.8 mm.


Phenology: Flowering spring (Mar–Jun).
Habitat: Grasslands, ephemeral pools, disturbed areas
Elevation: 0-1200 m

Distribution

V3 78-distribution-map.gif

Introduced; Ark., Calif., D.C., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Kans., La., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Oreg., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Utah, Wash., South America, native to Eurasia, Pacific Islands, Australia

Discussion

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Ranunculus arvensis"
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Achene body architecture or shape
discoid +
Achene body length
not prolonged +
Achene body shape
flattened +
Achene body width or width
3-7 times as wide as thick +
Achene length
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.64 cm6.4 mm <br />0.0064 m <br />) +
Achene quantity
5 (8) +
Achene width
2.8mm;4.4mm +
Anther dehiscence
dehiscing +
Apex shape
acuminate +  and rounded +
Author
Alan T. Whittemore +
Authority
Linnaeus +
Basal and lower cauline leaf-blade architecture or shape
dentate +
Basal and lower cauline leaf-blade shape
obovate +  and rhombic +
Basal and lower cauline leaf architecture
petiolate +
Base architecture
3(-5)-foliolate +
Base architecture or shape
entire +
Base length
1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br /> (5.2 cm52 mm <br />0.052 m <br />) +
Base shape
acuminate +, divided +, oblanceolate +  and 3-parted +
Base width
1.6cm;4.2cm +
Beak course
straight +
Beak height or length or size
much shorter +
Beak position or structure subtype
terminal +
Beak presence
absent +
Beak shape
lance-subulate +
Beak some measurement
0.16 cm1.6 mm <br />0.0016 m <br /> (0.38 cm3.8 mm <br />0.0038 m <br />) +
Blade architecture
compound +
Blade architecture or shape
undivided +
Blade shape
lobed +
Bract architecture or shape
leaflike +
Bract presence
absent +
Bract size
large +  and small +
Bracteole architecture
sepaloid +
Bracteole presence
absent +
Capsule arrangement
aggregated +
Capsule shape
globose;cylindric +
Caudex architecture
tuberous +
Cauline leaf arrangement
alternate +
Cyme architecture
2-16-flowered +
Cyme some measurement
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br />) +
Distal leaf architecture
sessile +
Distribution
Ark. +, Calif. +, D.C. +, Ga. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Kans. +, La. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Utah +, Wash. +, South America +, native to Eurasia +, Pacific Islands +  and Australia +
Elevation
0-1200 m +
Embryo size
small +
Endosperm quantity
abundant +
Face pubescence
glabrous +
Filament shape
filiform +
Flower architecture
pedicellate +
Flower architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Flower architecture or shape
symmetric +
Flower prominence
showy +  and inconspicuous +
Flower reproduction
bisexual +
Fruit atypical quantity
5 (6) +
Fruit quantity
3;5 +
Fruits achene architecture
sessile +  and aggregate +
Fruits achene architecture or structure in adjective form
1-locular +
Fruits achene shape
cylindric;obovoid;cylindric;obovoid;globose;lenticular;discoid +
Habitat
Grasslands, ephemeral pools, disturbed areas +
Head architecture or shape
discoid +
Head some measurement
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
Illustration copyright
Flora of North America Association +
Illustrator
John Myers +
Inflorescence position
axillary +  and terminal +
Introduced
true +
Leaf-blade architecture
compound +
Leaf-blade architecture or shape
undivided +
Leaf-blade shape
reniform +  and linear +
Leaf architecture
petiolate +, compound +  and simple +
Leaf arrangement
whorled +, opposite +  and alternate +
Leaf position
cauline +  and basal +
Leaf shape
parted +  and lobed +
Leaflet architecture
3(-5)-foliolate +
Leaflet architecture or shape
entire +
Leaflet length
1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br /> (5.2 cm52 mm <br />0.052 m <br />) +
Leaflet shape
acuminate +, divided +, oblanceolate +  and 3-parted +
Leaflet width
1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br /> (4.2 cm42 mm <br />0.042 m <br />) +
Margin architecture
3(-5)-foliolate +
Margin architecture or shape
entire +
Margin fusion
free +
Margin height
high +
Margin length
1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br /> (5.2 cm52 mm <br />0.052 m <br />) +
Margin position
low +
Margin pubescence
glabrous +
Margin shape
acuminate;divided;oblanceolate;3-parted +
Margin width
1.6cm;4.2cm +
Nectary presence
absent +
Nectary scale fixation
attached +
Nectary scale fusion
free +
Nectary scale pubescence
glabrous +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Ovule quantity
1 +
Perianth position
hypogynous +
Petal atypical quantity
22 (150) +
Petal coloration
yellow +
Petal fusion
distinct +
Petal length
5mm;8mm +
Petal prominence
conspicuous +
Petal quantity
5 +
Petal shape
linear +  and orbiculate +
Petal size
reduced +
Petal some measurement
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (2.6 cm26 mm <br />0.026 m <br />) +
Petal width
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Petiole architecture or shape
sheathing +
Petiole presence
absent +
Phenology
Flowering spring (Mar–Jun). +
Pistil architecture
simple +
Pistil quantity
4 +  and 250 +
Publication title
Sp. Pl. +
Publication year
1753 +
Receptacle pubescence
hispid +
Reference
None +
Rhizome architecture
tuberous +
Root architecture
tuberous +
Root position
basal +
Seed architecture
not arillate +  and stalked +
Seed quantity
1;many +
Segment shape
linear +  and oblanceolate +
Sepal architecture
petaloid +
Sepal architecture or shape
spurred +
Sepal arrangement
imbricate +
Sepal atypical quantity
6 (20) +
Sepal coloration
white;yellow;white;yellow;purple;sometimes;green +
Sepal duration
deciduous +
Sepal fusion
distinct +
Sepal length
? (?) +
Sepal orientation
spreading +
Sepal pubescence
strigose +
Sepal quantity
5 +
Sepal shape
oblong +  and elliptic ovate or lanceolate +
Sepal some measurement
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
Sepal width
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Side architecture
veined +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V3/V3 78.xml +
Special status
W2 +  and Introduced +
Spine length or size
long +
Stamen fusion
distinct +
Stamen quantity
(5-)10-many +
Staminode presence
absent +
Stem-base architecture
bulbous +
Stem architecture
not bulbous-based +
Stem orientation
ascending +  and erect +
Stem pubescence
pilose +
Stipule presence
absent +
Stolon architecture
tuberous +
Style duration
persistent +
Style presence
absent +
Synonyms
Ranunculus arvensis var. tuberculatus +
Taxon family
Ranunculaceae +
Taxon name
Ranunculus arvensis +
Taxon parent
Ranunculus sect. Echinella +
Taxon rank
species +
Volume
Volume 3 +
Wall architecture or shape
spiny +
Wall relief
Papillose (?) +  and Tuberculate (?) +
Wall width
thick +
Whole organism architecture
rhizomatous +
Whole organism duration
perennial +  and annual +
Whole organism growth form
plant +
Whole organism position
low +
Whole organism pubescence
glabrous +  and pubescent +
Whole organism texture
herbaceous +  and woody +
X chromosome quantity
8 +  and 7 +