familyRanunculaceae
genusRanunculus
subgenusRanunculus subg. Ceratocephala
speciesRanunculus testiculatus

Ranunculus testiculatus

Crantz

Stirp. Austr. Fasc. 2: 97. 1763.

Alan T. Whittemore
IllustratedIntroduced
Synonyms: Ceratocephalus orthoceras de Candolle Ceratocephalus testiculatus (Crantz) Roth
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
Please click on the illustration for a higher resolution version.
Illustrator: John Myers

Copyright: Flora of North America Association

Stems erect or ascending, not rooting nodally, villous, not bulbous-based. Tuberous roots absent. Basal leaf-blades broadly spatulate in outline, 1-2×-dissected, 0.9-3.8 × 0.5-1.5 cm, segments linear, margins entire, apex obtuse to acuminate. Flowers: receptacle glabrous; sepals spreading, 3-6 × 1-2 mm, villous; petals yellow, 3-5 × 1-3 mm. Heads of achenes cylindric, 9-16 (-27) × 8-10 mm; achenes 1.6-2 × 1.8-2 mm, tomentose; beak persistent, lanceolate, 3.5-4.5 mm.


Phenology: Flowering spring (Apr–May).
Habitat: Disturbed areas, especially in grassland
Elevation: 400-2500 m

Distribution

V3 762-distribution-map.gif

Introduced; B.C., Sask., Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Iowa, Kans., Minn., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.Mex., N.Dak., Ohio, Oreg., S.Dak., Utah, Wash., Wyo., native to Eurasia

Discussion

In North America, Ranunculus testiculatus seems to be expanding its range rapidly in arid and semiarid areas. A second species of this subgenus, R. falcatus Linnaeus [Ceratocephala falcata (Linnaeus) Persoon], has been reported from North America, but all reports seem to be based on misidentified material of R. testiculatus.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Ranunculus testiculatus"
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Achene body length
prolonged +
Achene body shape
ellipsoid +
Achene length
0.16 cm1.6 mm <br />0.0016 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Achene pubescence
tomentose +
Achene width
1.8mm;2mm +
Anther dehiscence
dehiscing +
Apex shape
obtuse +  and acuminate +
Author
Alan T. Whittemore +
Authority
Crantz +
Basal leaf-blade shape
1-2×-dissected (Spatulate) +
Base shape
cuneate +, truncate +  and cordate +
Basionyms
Undefined subg. Ceratocephalus +
Beak course
curved +  and straight +
Beak duration
persistent +
Beak length or size
much longer +
Beak position or structure subtype
terminal +
Beak presence
absent +
Beak shape
lanceolate +
Beak some measurement
0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br /> (0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br />) +
Blade shape
1-2×-dissected +
Bract architecture or shape
leaflike +
Bract presence
absent +
Bract size
large +  and small +
Bracteole architecture
sepaloid +
Bracteole presence
absent +
Capsule arrangement
aggregated +
Capsule shape
globose;cylindric +
Caudex architecture
tuberous +
Cauline leaf arrangement
alternate +
Cyme architecture
2-50-flowered +
Cyme some measurement
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br />) +
Distal leaf architecture
sessile +
Distribution
B.C. +, Sask. +, Ariz. +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Idaho +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Minn. +, Mo. +, Mont. +, Nebr. +, Nev. +, N.Mex. +, N.Dak. +, Ohio +, Oreg. +, S.Dak. +, Utah +, Wash. +, Wyo. +  and native to Eurasia +
Elevation
400-2500 m +
Embryo size
small +
Endosperm quantity
abundant +
Filament shape
filiform +
Flower architecture
sessile +  and pedicellate +
Flower architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Flower architecture or shape
symmetric +
Flower prominence
showy +  and inconspicuous +
Flower reproduction
bisexual +
Fruit atypical quantity
5 (6) +
Fruit quantity
5 +
Fruits achene architecture
sessile +  and aggregate +
Fruits achene architecture or structure in adjective form
3-locular +
Fruits achene shape
cylindric;obovoid;cylindric;obovoid;globose;lenticular;discoid +
Habitat
Disturbed areas, especially in grassland +
Head atypical length
1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br /> (2.7 cm27 mm <br />0.027 m <br />) +
Head length
0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> (1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br />) +
Head shape
cylindric +
Head width
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Illustration
Present +
Illustration copyright
Flora of North America Association +
Illustrator
John Myers +
Inflorescence position
axillary +  and terminal +
Inflorescence position or structure subtype
terminal +
Introduced
true +
Lateral locule architecture
empty +
Leaf-blade architecture
compound +
Leaf-blade architecture or shape
undivided +
Leaf-blade shape
reniform +  and linear +
Leaf architecture
petiolate +
Leaf arrangement
whorled +, opposite +  and alternate +
Leaf position
cauline +  and basal +
Leaf shape
parted +  and lobed +
Margin architecture
palmate +  and pinnate +
Margin architecture or shape
entire +
Margin fusion
free +
Margin shape
toothed;crenate;toothed;crenate;entire +
Nectary presence
absent +
Nectary scale fixation
attached +
Nectary scale pubescence
glabrous +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Ovule quantity
1 +
Perianth position
hypogynous +
Petal atypical quantity
22 (150) +
Petal coloration
yellow +
Petal fusion
distinct +
Petal length
3mm;5mm +
Petal prominence
conspicuous +
Petal quantity
5 +
Petal shape
linear +  and orbiculate +
Petal size
reduced +
Petal some measurement
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (2.6 cm26 mm <br />0.026 m <br />) +
Petal width
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Petiole architecture or shape
sheathing +
Petiole presence
absent +
Phenology
Flowering spring (Apr–May). +
Pistil architecture
simple +
Pistil quantity
4 +  and 250 +
Publication title
Stirp. Austr. Fasc. +
Publication year
1763 +
Receptacle pubescence
glabrous +
Reference
None +
Rhizome architecture
tuberous +
Ridge position
low +
Ridge size or width
narrow +
Root architecture
tuberous +
Root position
basal +
Root presence
absent +
Seed architecture
not arillate +  and stalked +
Seed quantity
1;many +
Segment arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Sepal architecture
petaloid +
Sepal architecture or shape
spurred +
Sepal arrangement
imbricate +
Sepal atypical quantity
6 (20) +
Sepal coloration
white;yellow;white;yellow;purple;sometimes;green +
Sepal duration
persistent +
Sepal fusion
distinct +
Sepal length
? (?) +
Sepal orientation
spreading +
Sepal pubescence
villous +
Sepal quantity
3 +  and 6 +
Sepal shape
oblong +  and elliptic ovate or lanceolate +
Sepal some measurement
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
Sepal width
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Side architecture
veined +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V3/V3 762.xml +
Special status
W2 +, Illustrated +  and Introduced +
Stamen fusion
distinct +
Stamen quantity
(5-)10-many +
Staminode presence
absent +
Stem-base architecture
bulbous +
Stem architecture
not bulbous-based +  and rooting +
Stem orientation
ascending +  and erect +
Stem pubescence
villous +
Stipule presence
absent +
Stolon architecture
tuberous +
Style duration
persistent +
Style presence
absent +
Synonyms
Ceratocephalus orthoceras +  and Ceratocephalus testiculatus +
Taxon family
Ranunculaceae +
Taxon name
Ranunculus testiculatus +
Taxon parent
Ranunculus subg. Ceratocephala +
Taxon rank
species +
Volume
Volume 3 +
Wall architecture or pubescence or relief
smooth +
Wall texture
firm +
Whole organism architecture
rhizomatous +
Whole organism duration
perennial +  and annual +
Whole organism growth form
plant +
Whole organism position
low +
Whole organism pubescence
villous +
Whole organism texture
herbaceous +  and woody +
X chromosome quantity
8 +  and 7 +