Rumex dentatus

Linnaeus

Mant. Pl., 226. 1771.

Common names: Toothed or dentate or Indian dock
Introduced
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 527. Mentioned on page 497, 528.

Plants annual, rarely biennial, glabrous or indistinctly papillose especially on veins of leaf-blades abaxially, with fusiform, vertical rootstock. Stems erect, often flexuous in inflorescence, branched distal to middle, occasionally almost from base, 20–70 (–80) cm. Leaves: ocrea deciduous or partially persistent at maturity; blade oblong, elliptic-lanceolate, or ovate-elliptic, 3–8 (–12) × 2–5 cm, normally less than 4 times as long as wide, not coriaceous, base normally truncate or subcordate to weakly cordate, margins entire, flat to weakly undulate, occasionally slightly crisped, apex obtuse or subacute. Inflorescences terminal, occupying distal 1/2 of stem, usually lax and interrupted, broadly paniculate, branches usually ascending and straight. Pedicels articulated in proximal 1/3, filiform, 2–5 mm, articulation distinctly swollen. Flowers 10–20 in rather dense remote whorls; inner tepals ovate-triangular or deltoid, 3–5.5 (–6) × 2–3 mm (excluding teeth), ca. 1.5 times as long as wide, base truncate, margins in most cases distinctly dentate, very rarely subentire, apex acute to subacute, straight, teeth 2–4 (–5), normally at each side of margins, narrowly triangular, straight, 1–3 (–5) mm, equaling or shorter than width of inner tepals; tubercles (1–) 3, equal or subequal. Achenes dark reddish-brown, 2–2.8 × 1.4–1.8 mm. 2n = 40.


Phenology: Flowering late spring–summer.
Habitat: Waste places, shores, cultivated fields
Elevation: 0-300 m

Distribution

V5 1079-distribution-map.gif

Introduced; Alta., Ont., Ariz., Calif., Mo., Oreg., Tex., se Europe, tropical and subtropical Asia, n Africa, elsewhere

Discussion

Rumex dentatus, belonging to subsect. Dentati Rechinger f. (K. H. Rechinger 1937), is an extremely variable species. In Eurasia and northern Africa it is represented by several distinct races, usually regarded as subspecies. Rechinger reported from North America (California and Oregon, mostly as a casual alien occuring in ballast grounds) only subsp. klotzschianus (Meisner) Rechinger f., which is native in southern and eastern Asia (China, India, Japan, Korea). J. E. Dawson (1979) also regarded this as the most common subspecies in North America. However, I believe most North American representatives of this aggregate belong to subsp. halacsyi (Rechinger f.) Rechinger f., which is native in the eastern Mediterranean region (Asia Minor), the Caucasus, southeastern Europe, and western and central Asia. This subspecies, sometimes recognized as R. halacsyi Rechinger f., differs from subsp. klotzschianus by its broader triangular (not rounded) inner tepals and longer teeth (to 3 mm). Unfortunately, subspecies of R. dentatus still are insufficiently understood even in Eurasia. It would be premature to assign most North American specimens to any infraspecific entity.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"/2" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Rumex dentatus"
unwinged +  and weakly winged +
dark reddish-brown +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.28 cm2.8 mm <br />0.0028 m <br />) +
pyramidal +, compressed-3-gonous +  and 3-gonous +
1.4mm;1.8mm +
yellow +  and brownish yellow +
ovate +  and elongate +
straight +
acute;subacute +
Sergei L. Mosyakin +
Linnaeus +
not articulated +
subcordate +  and weakly cordate +
8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br /> (12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br />) +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br />) +
ovate-elliptic;elliptic-lanceolate;ovate-elliptic;elliptic-lanceolate;oblong +
not coriaceous +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
foliaceous +  and perfoliate +
scale-like +
tuberculate +
just below the soil surface or and above the soil surface +  and spreading +
Toothed or dentate or Indian dock +
Alta. +, Ont. +, Ariz. +, Calif. +, Mo. +, Oreg. +, Tex. +, se Europe +, tropical and subtropical Asia +, n Africa +  and elsewhere +
0-300 m +
free +  and distinct +
unisexual +, bisexual +  and , +
disarticulating +  and solid +
decumbent to erect +  and prostrate +
unwinged +  and winged +
black +, red +, brown +  and yellowish +
exserted +  and included +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
spheroidal +, 4-gonous +, lenticular +, biconvex +, discoid +, 3-gonous +  and 2-gonous +
Waste places, shores, cultivated fields +
0.55 cm5.5 mm <br />0.0055 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.55 cm5.5 mm <br />0.0055 m <br />) +
always distinctly wider and longer +
deltoid +  and ovate-triangular +
2mm +  and 3mm +
nonmembranous +
deciduous +
cauline +  and basal +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
subentire +, crisped +, flat +  and weakly undulate +
smaller +
narrower +
swollen +
partly +  and foliaceous +
persistent +  and deciduous +
cylindric +
membranous +
anatropous +, , +  and orthotropous +
accrescent +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
spreading;erect +
red;pinkish;red;pinkish;green +
campanulate +
accrescent +
fleshy +, indurate +  and membranous +
Flowering late spring–summer. +
(2-)3(-4)-carpellate +
slender;stout +
Introduced +
not scapose +
70 cm700 mm <br />0.7 m <br /> (80 cm800 mm <br />0.8 m <br />) +
flexuous +
distal +  and middle +
papillose-pubescent +  and glabrous +
20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> (70 cm700 mm <br />0.7 m <br />) +
plumose +  and fimbriate +
deciduous +  and persistent +
2-lobed +  and cylindric +
coriaceous +  and membranous +
distinct +
reflexed;spreading +
spreading;erect +
Rumex sect. Simplices +
Rumex dentatus +
Rumex sect. Rumex +
species +
lobed +  and laciniate +
coriaceous +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
straight +
triangular +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
persistent +
membranous +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
stoloniferous +  and rhizomatous +
biennial +  and annual +
10 +, 9 +, 8 +  and 7 +