Rumex maritimus

Linnaeus

Sp. Pl. 1: 335. 1753.

Common names: Golden or maritime dock rumex maritime
IntroducedIllustrated
Synonyms: Lapathum minus Lamarck Rumex aureus Miller
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 529. Mentioned on page 497, 530, 531.

Plants annual, rarely biennial [perennial], glabrous or very weakly short-papillose, mostly in inflorescence and on leaf-blades, with fusiform, vertical rootstock. Stems erect (some dwarf alluvial forms may ascending or almost prostrate), branched in distal 2/3, occasionally almost near base, (5–) 15–75 (–100) cm. Leaves: ocrea deciduous to partially persistent at maturity; blade lanceolate or lanceolate-linear, rarely oblong-lanceolate, usually very gradually narrowed at both ends, (4–) 7–25 (–40) × (1–) 1.5–4 (–5) cm, at least 4 times as long as wide, base narrowly cuneate, very rarely broadly cuneate, margins entire, flat or rarely weakly undulate, apex acute, very rarely subobtuse. Inflorescences terminal, occupying distal 1/2 of stem, occasionally most of stem, golden or greenish yellow, usually rather dense or interrupted in proximal part, broadly paniculate, branches spreading. Pedicels articulated near base or at least in proximal 1/3, filiform, 3–8 mm, articulation weakly evident. Flowers 15–30 (occasionally more) in rather dense whorls; inner tepals narrowly triangular or narrowly rhombic-triangular, 2.5–3 (–3.5) × 0.75–1.2 (–1.5) mm (excluding teeth), normally ca. 2 times as long as wide, base truncate or broadly cuneate, margins prominently dentate, apex acute, very rarely subacute, straight, teeth 2–3 (–4), normally at each side of margins, subulate-filiform, bristlelike, 1–3.5 mm, usually 1.5–2 times as long as width of inner tepals; tubercles 3, equal or subequal, apex acute or subacute, smooth. Achenes light-brown, small, 0.9–1.75 × 0.6–1 mm. 2n = 40.


Phenology: Flowering summer–early fall.
Habitat: Alluvial, riparian, and coastal habitats, mostly as a ruderal species
Elevation: 0-500 m

Distribution

V5 1083-distribution-map.gif

Introduced; Yukon, Alaska, Mass., N.J., Europe

Discussion

This Eurasian species is known as a casual alien from several localities in North America. Its distribution is poorly known due to confusion with native American species of this aggregate. Plants from Alaska and Yukon reported by E. Hultén (1968) as Rumex maritimus need additional study; they may be conspecific with some eastern Asian races of the R. maritimus aggregate. It is rare or almost absent in eastern Asia, where it is replaced by closely related taxa.

Species of the Rumex maritimus aggregate can be placed in a separate subsection Maritimi Rechinger f. (K. H. Rechinger 1937) or even section Orientales A. I. Baranov & B. V. Skvortzov (see A. E. Borodina 1977).

In addition to characters mentioned in the key and descriptions, additional distinctive features of Rumex maritimus are the smooth tubercles (occasionally finely striate or indistinctly pitted in herbarium specimens), and golden yellow or greenish yellow mature inflorescences.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"/2" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Rumex maritimus"
unwinged +  and weakly winged +
light-brown +
0.09 cm0.9 mm <br />9.0e-4 m <br /> (0.175 cm1.75 mm <br />0.00175 m <br />) +
pyramidal +, compressed-3-gonous +  and 3-gonous +
0.6mm;1mm +
yellow +  and brownish yellow +
ovate +  and elongate +
straight +
subacute;acute;subacute;acute;subobtuse;acute +
Sergei L. Mosyakin +
Linnaeus +
not articulated +
cuneate +  and truncate +
narrowed;oblong-lanceolate;lanceolate-linear;lanceolate +
foliaceous +  and perfoliate +
scale-like +
tuberculate +
just below the soil surface or and above the soil surface +  and spreading +
Golden or maritime dock +  and rumex maritime +
Yukon +, Alaska +, Mass. +, N.J. +  and Europe +
0-500 m +
25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br /> (40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br />) +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br /> (25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br />) +
1.5cm;4cm +
free +  and distinct +
unisexual +, bisexual +  and , +
disarticulating +  and solid +
decumbent to erect +  and prostrate +
unwinged +  and winged +
black +, red +, brown +  and yellowish +
exserted +  and included +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
spheroidal +, 4-gonous +, lenticular +, biconvex +, discoid +, 3-gonous +  and 2-gonous +
Alluvial, riparian, and coastal habitats, mostly as a ruderal species +
greenish yellow;golden +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
always distinctly wider and longer +
rhombic-triangular +  and triangular +
0.75mm +  and 1.2mm +
nonmembranous +
deciduous +
cauline +  and basal +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
undulate +, flat +  and entire +
smaller +
narrower +
swollen +
partly +  and foliaceous +
deciduous +  and partially persistent +
cylindric +
membranous +
anatropous +, , +  and orthotropous +
accrescent +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
spreading;erect +
red;pinkish;red;pinkish;green +
campanulate +
accrescent +
fleshy +, indurate +  and membranous +
Flowering summer–early fall. +
(2-)3(-4)-carpellate +
slender;stout +
Introduced +  and Illustrated +
75 cm750 mm <br />0.75 m <br /> (100 cm1,000 mm <br />1 m <br />) +
papillose-pubescent +  and glabrous +
15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br /> (75 cm750 mm <br />0.75 m <br />) +
plumose +  and fimbriate +
deciduous +  and persistent +
2-lobed +  and cylindric +
coriaceous +  and membranous +
distinct +
reflexed;spreading +
spreading;erect +
Lapathum minus +  and Rumex aureus +
Rumex maritimus +
Rumex sect. Rumex +
species +
lobed +  and laciniate +
coriaceous +
1.5-2 times as long as width of inner tepals +
subulate-filiform +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
persistent +
membranous +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
stoloniferous +  and rhizomatous +
biennial +  and annual +
short-papillose +
10 +, 9 +, 8 +  and 7 +