Symplocos paniculata

Miquel

Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 102. 1867 ,.

Common names: Sapphire-berry
Basionym: Prunus paniculata Thunberg [in J. A. Murray Syst. Veg. ed. 14, 463. 1784]
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 330. Mentioned on page 331.

Shrubs or trees, deciduous, 1–10 m. Bark gray on ridges and dark in fissures. Branches spreading; branchlets gray or brown, often purplish. Winter buds 0.5–3 mm; scales orbiculate, proximally glabrous, distally sericeous. Leaves: petiole 3–9 mm; blade ovate to obovate, usually slightly rhombic, 3.8–8.9 × 1.9–5.2 cm, membranous to chartaceous, base broadly cuneate to rounded or subcordate, margins closely serrate, serrulate, or dentate, surfaces abaxially light green, glabrous or pubescent, adaxially dark green, glabrous or pubescent, midvein impressed adaxially. Inflorescences usually internodal panicles, usually from branchlets of current-year, sometimes from leaf-axils of previous year, 4–20-flowered, often reduced proximally along branchlet to 2–5-flowered inflorescences or solitary flowers. Flowers not enclosed in bud by scales, appearing with leaves; corolla white [yellow], lobes 2.5–5 mm; anthers yellow; ovary incompletely 2-locular; ovules 4 per carpel; disc glabrous or hairy; style 2–4 mm. Drupes bright blue to bluish black, ovoid or globose, 3–8 mm, glabrous or hairy. Seeds reniform. 2n = 22.


Phenology: Flowering spring; fruiting summer–early fall.
Habitat: Disturbed and native forests and flood plains
Elevation: 0-300 m

Distribution

Created with Raphaël 2.2.0
V8 654-distribution-map.gif

Introduced; Conn., D.C., N.Y., Pa., Asia (Bhutan), Asia (China), Asia (Himalayan India), Asia (Japan), Asia (Laos), Asia (Myanmar), Asia (Nepal), Asia (South Korea), Asia (Taiwan), Asia (Vietnam)

Discussion

The eastern Asian ornamental species Symplocos paniculata has become locally naturalized in the eastern United States (A. F. Rhoads and T. A. Block 2000; A. T. Whittemore 2003).

Phylogenetic evidence supports Symplocos paniculata as the sole representative of subg. Palura (G. Don) P. W. Fritsch, the first diverging clade within Symplocos (Wang Y. et al. 2004; P. W. Fritsch et al. 2006, 2008). Its internodal inflorescences are unique in the genus.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Symplocos paniculata"
rotund-ovate;spheric +
acute +  and acuminate +
Frank Almeda +  and Peter W. Fritsch +
Miquel +
broadly cuneate +  and rounded or subcordate +
Prunus paniculata +
3.8 cm38 mm <br />0.038 m <br /> - 8.9 cm89 mm <br />0.089 m <br /> +
entire +, crenulate-serrulate +, dentate +, serrulate +  and serrate +
rhombic;ovate;obovate +
membranous +  and chartaceous +
1.9 cm19 mm <br />0.019 m <br /> - 5.2 cm52 mm <br />0.052 m <br /> +
rufous-pubescent +  and glabrous +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> - 0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> +
persistent +
Sapphire-berry +
2-5-flowered +  and 4-20-flowered +
2-5-flowered +  and 4-20-flowered +
hairy +  and glabrous +
Conn. +, D.C. +, N.Y. +, Pa. +, Asia - Bhutan +, Asia - China +, Asia - Himalayan India +, Asia - Japan +, Asia - Laos +, Asia - Myanmar +, Asia - Nepal +, Asia - South Korea +, Asia - Taiwan +  and Asia - Vietnam +
bright blue;bluish black +
hairy +  and glabrous +
globose +  and ovoid +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> - 0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> +
0-300 m +
fragrant +
Disturbed and native forests and flood plains +
internodal +  and axillary +
arranged +  and alternate +
sweet-tasting +
dentate +, serrulate +  and serrate +
tenuinucellate +  and unitegmic +
yellow +  and white +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> - 0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> +
Flowering spring +  and fruiting summer–early fall. +
2-3-carpellate +
Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi +
sericeous +  and glabrous +
orbiculate +
reniform +
2-5-lobed +
filiform +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> - 0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> +
dark green +  and light green +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
Symplocos paniculata +
Symplocos +
species +
tree +  and shrub +
hairy +  and glabrous +