Volume 20. Treatment on page 44. Mentioned on page 78. Illustrator: Marjorie C. Leggitt Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 50–200 cm (short
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Treatment on page 462. Mentioned on page 459, 461, 470, 471. Perennials, 30–200 cm. Stems erect, usually not branched proximal to arrays of heads (from caudices
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Inflorescence bracts 1, 10–15 mm. Pedicels 0.3–0.4 (–0.7) cm × 1 mm. Flowers (5–) 6–10 cm diam.; sepals lanceolate, (11–) 14–18 × 6–9 mm; petals 5 (–8)
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1836 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 532. Mentioned on page 476, 533, 534, 537. Perennials 10–60 cm, colonial; long-rhizomatous. Stems
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well-developed trunks. Stems dark green, growing to 200 cm per season; ribs from base to rib crest 3–5 cm, less than 1 cm thick. Spines abruptly thickened at base
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plants to 50 cm, leaf blades linear to narrowly elliptic (mostly 2–7 cm × 4–8 mm), involucres mostly hemispheric, usually much less than 1 cm high or wide
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Treatment on page 410. Plants densely cespitose, with¬out rhizomes. Culms 30-150 (200) cm, glabrous or pubescent, sometimes scabrous. Sheaths closed for less than
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page 598. Plants (50–) 70–150 (–200) cm. Stems erect, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves: ocrea reddish-brown, funnelform, 1–3 cm, margins oblique, glabrous
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or not, unbranched proximal to inflorescence, trigonous, (6–) 10–100 (–125) cm (high-climbing into trees), weak or wiry. Leaves few-to-many per culm, cauline
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Perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 10–100+ cm. Leaf-blades obovate or oblong to elliptic or oblanceolate, 30–50 (–100+) × 10–20 (–40+) mm, margins entire or denticulate
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appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 508. Mentioned on page 473, 475, 500, 510, 521, 537. Perennials (15–) 20–70 (–120) cm, cespitose; stoutly short-rhizomatous
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Taylor Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 126. Mentioned on page 127. Plants (20–) 40–90 (–100) cm; caudices woody. Stems 1–4, erect, straight
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campanulate; racemes (50–)70–200(–300) mm, (50–)100–300-flowered. > 13 13 Stems usually with 10–20 nodes, (50–)70–120(–150) cm; leaf blade margins serrate
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white, oblong to elliptic, (18-) 20-40 × (8-) 10-15 mm, abaxially villous, adaxially glabrous; petals present; stamens 150-200. Heads of achenes spheric to
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(–100) cm × 1–4 mm, soft (flattened in drying), glabrous. Leaves usually reduced to sheaths, occasionally with blades, flat to V-shaped, (3–) 10–30 cm × (1–)
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50 cm; stolons to 45 cm. Leaves: petioles 1.5–40 cm × 0.9–9 mm, sheathing base to 8.5 cm; blade broadly ovate to orbiculate, 1.4–11.9 × 0.9–10.6 cm, veins
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in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 345. Mentioned on page 262, 320, 344, 346, 347. Annuals, biennials, or short-lived perennials, 30–70 cm; fibrous-rooted
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Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Perennials, mostly 40–150 cm. Stems 1–2+ (ridged), erect, branched distally (glabrous or sparsely hairy)
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Volume 20. Treatment on page 151. Mentioned on page 146, 150, 153, 156, 157. Plants 30–150 (–200) cm; rhizomes short to long creeping. Stems 1–20+, erect
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distal blades lanceolate to linear, entire. Heads 20–200+ per plant, in paniculiform arrays. Peduncles 2–14 cm, moderately to densely hairy. Involucres globoid
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