familyRanunculaceae
genusAnemone
speciesAnemone patens
varietyAnemone patens var. multifida

Anemone patens var. multifida

Pritzel

Linnaea 15: 581. 1841.

Bryan E. Dutton, Carl S. Keener, Bruce A. Ford
Common names: Pasqueflower prairie-smoke prairie-crocus pulsatille
Illustrated
Synonyms: Anemone patens var. nuttalliana (de Candolle) A. Gray Anemone patens var. wolfgangiana (Besser) Koch Pulsatilla patens subsp. asiatica Krylov & Sergievskaja Pulsatilla patens subsp. multifida (Pritzel) Zämelis
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
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Please click on the illustration for a higher resolution version.
Illustrator: John Myers

Copyright: Flora of North America Association

Aerial shoots 5-40 (-60) cm, from caudices, caudices ascending to vertical. Basal leaves (3-) 5-8 (-10), primarily 3-foliolate with each leaflet dichotomously dissected; petiole 5-10 (-13) cm; terminal leaflet petiolulate to nearly sessile, obovate in outline, (2.5-) 3-5 cm, base narrowly cuneate, margins dichotomously dissected throughout, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces villous, rarely glabrous; lateral leaflets 3-4×-parted (±dichotomously); ultimate segments 2-4 mm wide. Inflorescences 1-flowered; peduncle villous or glabrate; involucral-bracts primarily 3, 1-tiered, simple, dissimilar to basal leaves, (2-) 2.5-4 cm, bases clasping, connate, margins deeply laciniate throughout, surfaces villous, rarely glabrous to nearly glabrous; segments usually 4-6, filiform to linear, unlobed, 1-2 (-3) mm wide. Flowers: sepals 5-8, blue, purple, to rarely nearly white, oblong to elliptic, (18-) 20-40 × (8-) 10-15 mm, abaxially villous, adaxially glabrous; petals present; stamens 150-200. Heads of achenes spheric to ovoid; pedicel 10-18 (-22) cm. Achenes: body ellipsoid to obovoid, 3-4 (-6) × ca. 1 mm, not winged, villous; beak curved, 20-40 mm, long-villous, plumose. 2n=16.


Phenology: Flowering spring–summer (Apr–Aug).
Habitat: Prairies, open slopes, sometimes open woods or granite outcrops in woods
Elevation: 100-3800 m

Distribution

V3 243-distribution-map.gif

Alta., B.C., Man., N.W.T., Ont., Sask., Yukon, Alaska, Colo., Idaho, Ill., Iowa, Minn., Mont., Nebr., N.Mex., N.Dak., S.Dak., Utah, Wis., Wyo., Eurasia

Discussion

Anemone patens var. multifida has frequently been recognized as a subspecies of A. patens. Although A. patens var. wolfgangiana has been used by some authors, A. patens var. multifida has priority.

Pasqueflower (as Anemone patens var. wolfgangiana) is the floral emblem of Manitoba and (as Pulsatilla hirsutissima) the state flower of South Dakota.

Native Americans used fresh leaves of Anemone patens var. multifida medicinally to treat rheumatism and neuralgia; crushed leaves for poultices; pulverized leaves to smell to alleviate headaches; and made decoctions from roots to treat lung problems (D. E. Moerman 1986).

The names Pulsatilla hirsutissima (Pursh) Britton and P. ludoviciana A. Heller are illegitimate.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"villous" is not a number.

... more about "Anemone patens var. multifida"
RDF feed
2n chromosome quantity
16 +
Anther dehiscence
dehiscing +
Apex shape
acute +  and obtuse +
Author
Bryan E. Dutton +, Carl S. Keener +  and Bruce A. Ford +
Authority
Pritzel +
Basal leaf architecture
3-foliolate +
Basal leaf atypical quantity
8 (10) +
Basal leaf quantity
5;8 +
Base architecture or fixation
clasping +
Base fusion
connate +
Base shape
cuneate +
Beak atypical some measurement
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
Beak course
curved +
Beak position or structure subtype
terminal +
Beak presence
absent +
Beak prominence
rudimentary +
Beak pubescence
long-villous +
Beak shape
plumose +
Beak some measurement
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
Body architecture
not winged +
Body atypical length
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
Body length
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Body shape
ellipsoid;obovoid +
Body width
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (?) +
Bracteole architecture
sepaloid +
Bracteole presence
absent +
Capsule arrangement
aggregated +
Capsule shape
globose;cylindric +
Caudex orientation
ascending;vertical +
Common name
Pasqueflower +, prairie-smoke +, prairie-crocus +  and pulsatille +
Cyme architecture
2-9-flowered +
Distribution
Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.W.T. +, Ont. +, Sask. +, Yukon +, Alaska +, Colo. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Iowa +, Minn. +, Mont. +, Nebr. +, N.Mex. +, N.Dak. +, S.Dak. +, Utah +, Wis. +, Wyo. +  and Eurasia +
Elevation
100-3800 m +
Embryo size
small +
Endosperm quantity
abundant +
Filament shape
filiform +
Filament width
broadened +
Flower architecture
sessile +  and pedicellate +
Flower architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Flower architecture or shape
symmetric +
Flower prominence
showy +  and inconspicuous +
Flower reproduction
bisexual +
Flower some measurement
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (60 cm600 mm <br />0.6 m <br />) +
Fruit atypical quantity
20 (27) +
Fruit quantity
4;20 +
Fruits achene architecture
stalked +, sessile +  and aggregate +
Fruits achene shape
ovoid;obovoid +
Habitat
Prairies, open slopes, sometimes open woods or granite outcrops in woods +
Head shape
spheric;ovoid +
Illustration
Present +
Illustration copyright
Flora of North America Association +
Illustrator
John Myers +
Inflorescence architecture
1-flowered +
Inflorescence flower quantity
single +
Inflorescence position
axillary +  and terminal +
Inflorescence position or structure subtype
terminal +
Involucral-bract architecture
simple +
Involucral-bract arrangement
1-tiered +
Involucral-bract atypical quantity
7 (9) +
Involucral-bract atypical some measurement
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
Involucral-bract quantity
3 +
Involucral-bract some measurement
2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
Involucre presence
absent +
Lateral leaflet shape
3-4×-parted (?) +
Leaf-blade architecture
compound +
Leaf-blade architecture or shape
undivided +
Leaf-blade shape
parted or undivided reniform +  and obtriangular or lanceolate +
Leaf architecture
petiolate +, compound +  and simple +
Leaf arrangement
whorled +, opposite +  and alternate +
Leaf position
basal +
Leaflet shape
dissected +
Margin architecture
palmate +  and pinnate +
Margin shape
laciniate;dissected +
Nectary presence
absent +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Ovule quantity
1 +
Pedicel atypical some measurement
18 cm180 mm <br />0.18 m <br /> (22 cm220 mm <br />0.22 m <br />) +
Pedicel some measurement
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (18 cm180 mm <br />0.18 m <br />) +
Peduncle pubescence
glabrate +  and villous +
Perianth position
hypogynous +
Petal fusion
distinct +
Petal presence
absent +
Petal prominence
conspicuous +
Petal quantity
0;26 +
Petal shape
obovate +  and elliptic +
Petal size
reduced +
Petal some measurement
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Petiole architecture or shape
sheathing +
Petiole atypical some measurement
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (13 cm130 mm <br />0.13 m <br />) +
Petiole presence
absent +
Petiole some measurement
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
Phenology
Flowering spring–summer (Apr–Aug). +
Pistil architecture
simple +
Pistil quantity
many +
Publication title
Linnaea +
Publication year
1841 +
Reference
None +
Seed architecture
not arillate +  and stalked +
Seed quantity
1;many +
Segment quantity
4 (?) +  and 6 (?) +
Segment shape
unlobed +, filiform +  and linear +
Segment width
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (?) +
Sepal architecture
petaloid +
Sepal architecture or shape
spurred +
Sepal arrangement
imbricate +
Sepal atypical length
1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Sepal atypical quantity
6 (20) +
Sepal atypical width
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Sepal coloration
purple;rarely nearly white +
Sepal duration
not persistent +
Sepal fusion
distinct +
Sepal length
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
Sepal pubescence
glabrous +  and villous +
Sepal quantity
5 +  and 8 +
Sepal shape
oblong +  and elliptic +
Sepal some measurement
0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
Sepal width
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
Shoot atypical some measurement
40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br /> (60 cm600 mm <br />0.6 m <br />) +
Shoot location
aerial +
Shoot some measurement
5cm;40cm +
Side architecture
not veined +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V3/V3 243.xml +
Special status
Illustrated +
Stamen fusion
distinct +
Stamen quantity
150;200 +
Staminode presence
absent +
Stem architecture
unarmed +
Stipule presence
absent +
Style duration
persistent +
Style presence
absent +
Surface pubescence
rarely glabrous;nearly glabrous +
Synonyms
Anemone patens var. nuttalliana +, Anemone patens var. wolfgangiana +, Pulsatilla patens subsp. asiatica +  and Pulsatilla patens subsp. multifida +
Taxon family
Ranunculaceae +
Taxon name
Anemone patens var. multifida +
Taxon parent
Anemone patens +
Taxon rank
variety +
Terminal leaflet architecture
petiolulate;nearly sessile +
Terminal leaflet atypical some measurement
2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
Terminal leaflet shape
obovate +
Terminal leaflet some measurement
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
Ultimate segment width
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Umbel architecture
2-9-flowered +
Volume
Volume 3 +
Whole organism architecture
rhizomatous +
Whole organism duration
perennial +
Whole organism growth form
herb +
Whole organism position
low +
Whole organism texture
herbaceous +  and woody +
X chromosome quantity
8 +  and 7 +