with large air cavities between the cross veins. Upon drying, the collapse of these air cavities results in the cross veins becoming very prominent, a condition
80 KB (3,349 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
petiolelike constriction), venation usually parallel, sometimes with evident cross-veins, occasionally divergent. Inflorescences (synflorescences) usually compound
35 KB (1,876 words) - 02:36, 30 July 2020
lanceolate, venation parallel, cross venation not evident, without arm or fusoid cells, surfaces without microhairs, not papillate, cross-sections non-kranz. Inflorescences
19 KB (1,548 words) - 02:55, 30 July 2020
present; blades usually linear, sometimes broadly so, venation parallel; cross-sections non-kranz, mesophyll nonradiate, adaxial palisade layer absent,
17 KB (872 words) - 03:12, 30 July 2020
linear to narrowly lanceolate, venation parallel, cross venation not evident, without arm or fusoid cells, cross-sections non-kranz, epidermes without microhairs
9 KB (822 words) - 02:52, 30 July 2020
lanceolate, venation parallel, cross venation not evident, without arm or fusoid cells, epidermes without microhairs, not papillate, cross-sections non-kranz. Inflorescences
45 KB (1,179 words) - 03:07, 30 July 2020
or rarely annual, rhizomatous or cespitose. Culms round or flattened in cross-section. Cataphylls often present at culm base. Leaves: sheaths open; blade
6 KB (363 words) - 00:56, 30 July 2020
absent; blades linear to narrowly lanceolate, venation parallel, cross venation not evident, cross-sections non-kranz, without arm or fusoid cells; epidermes
18 KB (1,356 words) - 02:45, 30 July 2020
blades linear to narrowly lanceolate, venation parallel, cross venation sometimes evident; cross-sections non-kranz, without arm or fusoid cells; epidermes
12 KB (1,001 words) - 03:20, 30 July 2020
sometimes solitary, terete, 3–5-angled or more, or strongly compressed in cross-section, spongy with internal air cavities and incomplete transverse septa
13 KB (1,127 words) - 02:15, 30 July 2020
ligules absent; blades keeled abaxially, flat, V, or inversely W-shaped in cross-section. Inflorescences terminal, rarely pseudolateral, 1st order subumbellate
7 KB (420 words) - 01:32, 30 July 2020
and diffuse, smooth or toothed adaxially, rarely with abaxial lamellae, in cross-section with a prominent arc of large diameter guide cells and an abaxial
18 KB (1,106 words) - 06:45, 30 July 2020
base, sometimes ending in a hyaline, occasionally toothed apex, costa in cross section with or without stereid bands, leaf cells usually smooth, sometimes
14 KB (515 words) - 06:54, 30 July 2020
central nut often reduced and flattened, or if solitary, then often rounded in cross-section, not winged, adjacent nuts not separated by internal cupule valves
8 KB (435 words) - 08:38, 30 July 2020
to sub-, 3-, or 4-angled in cross section, without carunclelike structure. > 71 71 Seeds terete or bluntly subangled in cross section (weakly dorsiventrally
36 KB (819 words) - 18:21, 29 July 2020
at apex. Leaves monomorphic or somewhat dimorphic [dimorphic]. Petiole in cross-section with 2 crescent-shaped vascular-bundles at base. Blade pinnate to
7 KB (310 words) - 00:34, 30 July 2020
and becoming ladder-fibrillose, membranous; blades V-shaped or M-shaped in cross-section when young, glabrous, sometimes papillose. Inflorescences racemose
16 KB (761 words) - 02:00, 30 July 2020
rostrate; peristome usually double; exostome teeth 16, external surface cross striate basally, papillose distally, sometimes bordered, internal surface
15 KB (450 words) - 07:51, 30 July 2020
buds often covered with small to large, resinous glands; pith triangular in cross-section. Leaves 3-ranked, occasionally nearly 2-ranked. Staminate flowers:
5 KB (331 words) - 08:39, 30 July 2020
lacking spines; vascular-bundles 1–several, roundish or crescent-shaped in cross-section. Blades 1–6-pinnate, without laminar buds. Indument on petioles,
15 KB (634 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
Petiole usually not articulate to stem, scales usually persistent at base, in cross-section with 2–many roundish bundles, or bundles 2 and lunate. Blade simple
15 KB (567 words) - 00:33, 30 July 2020
erect to spreading. Seeds narrowly ovoid, longitudinally ribbed, finely cross-ribbed. x = 17. sw United States, nw Mexico Species ca. 45 (26 species in
13 KB (1,202 words) - 13:01, 30 July 2020
leaves with at least narrow hyaline or white-hyaline band; blades V-shaped in cross-section when young, glabrous. Inflorescences racemose or, rarely, 1–2 branched
15 KB (529 words) - 01:49, 30 July 2020
"blade prominence","callus development","caryopse architecture or shape","cross-section architecture","culm architecture","culm duration","culm texture"
3 KB (884 words) - 03:08, 30 July 2020
tubercles, not or weakly reflexed, never hooked; nut 1 per cup, round in cross-section, not winged. x = 12. North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central
13 KB (1,271 words) - 08:47, 30 July 2020
more erect than sterile ones. Petioles with 1 vascular-bundle X-shaped in cross-section or with 2 vascular-bundles back-to-back and C-shaped. Blades extremely
8 KB (637 words) - 00:22, 30 July 2020
sheaths fibrous; sheath fronts membranous, mouth ciliate; blades V-shaped in cross-section when young, adaxial surface without 2 marginal veins more prominent
16 KB (801 words) - 01:21, 30 July 2020
prominently veined and becoming ladder-fibrillose, glabrous; blades V-shaped in cross-section when young, smooth or papillose. Inflorescences racemose, with 1–10
15 KB (557 words) - 02:02, 30 July 2020
specialized; perfect exostomes yellowbrown or brownish, external surface cross-striolate or sometimes reticulate proximally, papillose distally, margins
21 KB (586 words) - 07:42, 30 July 2020
phyllaries with black or dark purple cross walls > 6 5 Hairs on phyllaries with clear or reddish to reddish purple cross walls > 7 6 Leaves hirsute (apices
97 KB (2,063 words) - 21:58, 29 July 2020
sometimes absent; pseudopetioles sometimes present; blades with parallel veins, cross venation not evident; abaxial blade epidermes with microhairs and transversely
9 KB (719 words) - 02:55, 30 July 2020
341. 1754. Norman K. B. Robson Common names: St. John’s wort St. Andrew’s cross millepertuis Etymology: Greek hyper, above, and eikon, image, alluding to
13 KB (922 words) - 11:15, 30 July 2020
"blade prominence","callus development","caryopse architecture or shape","cross-section architecture","culm duration","culm texture","embryo quantity","epiderme
9 KB (1,015 words) - 03:17, 30 July 2020
basal sheaths not fibrous; sheath fronts membranous; blades M-shaped in cross-section when young, adaxial side of blade with 2 lateral-veins more prominent
16 KB (695 words) - 02:09, 30 July 2020
sparsely septate-nodulose, blades V or W-shaped, flat, or, rarely, round in cross-section when young; widest leaves 0.9–16 mm, mostly more than 4 mm, smooth
14 KB (621 words) - 02:15, 30 July 2020
yellowbrown or brownish, external surface ± reticulate proximally, rarely entirely cross-striolate, papillose distally, border ± widened at transitional zone in outer
12 KB (455 words) - 07:46, 30 July 2020
persisting more than a year; sheath fronts membranous; blades V-shaped in cross-section when young, glabrous. Inflorescences racemose, with (1–) 2–10 (–15)
11 KB (598 words) - 01:52, 30 July 2020
or dimorphic or trimorphic. Upright and lateral shoots round or flat in cross-section; leaves on subterranean parts flat, appressed, nonphotosynthetic
11 KB (459 words) - 00:34, 30 July 2020
weakly lobed. Ceanothus thyrsiflorus 32 Branchlets round in cross section (rarely angled in cross section in C. oliganthus). > 34 34 Sepals and petals white
15 KB (437 words) - 18:13, 29 July 2020
Styles 3-fid, sometimes to 2/3 2-fid; achenes trigonous, or subcircular in cross section, or sometimes mostly biconvex, smooth to prominently variously sculptured
37 KB (456 words) - 02:15, 30 July 2020
mm > 6 6 Fruits bluntly 5-angled in cross section Mirabilis greenei 6 Fruits ovoid or globose, not angled in cross section Mirabilis multiflora 7 Fruits
15 KB (526 words) - 09:38, 30 July 2020
"blade prominence","callus development","caryopse architecture or shape","cross-section architecture","culm architecture","culm duration","culm texture"
4 KB (1,003 words) - 03:09, 30 July 2020
basal sheaths not fibrous; sheath fronts membranous; blades M-shaped in cross-section when young, adaxial side of blades with 2 lateral-veins more prominent
9 KB (460 words) - 02:08, 30 July 2020
lenticular in cross section; tidal muds; mostly brackish waters. Sagittaria subulata 6 Fruiting pedicels 1.5–6.5 cm; phyllodia flattened in cross section; rarely
14 KB (539 words) - 00:58, 30 July 2020
prominent, large, resinous glands; pith circular to remotely triangular in cross-section. Leaves 2-ranked. Staminate flowers: perianth absent. Pistillate
4 KB (313 words) - 08:29, 30 July 2020
624. Plants acrocarpous, large. Stems stiff, erect, mostly unbranched, in cross-section with a cortical region of small, thick-walled cells, a parenchyma
7 KB (298 words) - 06:46, 30 July 2020
basal sheaths not fibrous; sheath fronts membranous; blades V-shaped in cross-section when young, proximal leaf-blades with lateral-veins equally prominent
9 KB (463 words) - 02:12, 30 July 2020
sheaths not fibrous; sheath fronts membranous; blades usually M-shaped in cross-section when young, adaxial side of blades with 2 lateral-veins more prominent
12 KB (663 words) - 02:07, 30 July 2020
often with adventitious stem roots above bulb. Buds usually rounded in cross-section, sometimes ± triangular. Leaves numerous, usually ± evenly distributed
37 KB (2,628 words) - 05:42, 30 July 2020
sheaths and leaves somewhat septate-nodulose; blades usually M-shaped in cross-section when young, sometimes channeled or involute, adaxial surface usually
13 KB (709 words) - 02:14, 30 July 2020
distal leaves, membranous, transversely rugose or smooth; blades V-shaped in cross-section when young, glabrous. Inflorescences racemose or paniculate, often
9 KB (619 words) - 01:46, 30 July 2020
cypselae are ± isodiametric in cross section. In some composites, cypselae are characteristically ± lenticular to elliptic in cross section. Such cypselae are
275 KB (5,940 words) - 15:30, 15 December 2020
sheaths sometimes fibrous; sheath fronts membranous; blades M-shaped in cross-section when young, adaxial side of blades with 2 lateral-veins more prominent
9 KB (480 words) - 02:06, 30 July 2020
usually distinctly longer and narrower than those of the basal rosette, cross-sections with non-kranz anatomy; photosynthesis C3. Inflorescences panicles
26 KB (1,343 words) - 04:00, 30 July 2020
usually absent; sheath fronts membranous, puberulent; blades V-shaped in cross-section when young, glabrous or puberulent. Inflorescence usually 1 spike
7 KB (428 words) - 01:24, 30 July 2020
Leaves: basal sheaths fibrous; sheath fronts membranous; blades V-shaped in cross-section when young, not more than 8 mm wide, usually pubescent, at least
8 KB (447 words) - 02:13, 30 July 2020
lemmas, concealed at maturity, elongate, dorsally compressed, curved in cross-section, falling with the lemma and palea. x = 7. Conn., N.J., N.Y., Fla
10 KB (965 words) - 03:13, 30 July 2020
fronts membranous, often dotted red, transversely rugose; blades V-shaped in cross-section when young, glabrous. Inflorescences usually paniculate, usually
8 KB (517 words) - 01:48, 30 July 2020
ciliate; blades filiform to ovate, flat to involute, glabrous or pubescent, cross-sections with Kranz anatomy and 1 or 2 bundle sheaths or with non-kranz anatomy;
26 KB (1,480 words) - 04:05, 30 July 2020
border; basal laminal cells long-rectangular, thin-walled, generally smooth, cross-walls frequently distinctly colored. Sexual condition autoicous or dioicous
10 KB (472 words) - 06:46, 30 July 2020
attached at mouth; exostome teeth bordered, shouldered, external surface cross-striolate basally, sometimes with overlying papillae, internal surface papillose
11 KB (469 words) - 07:46, 30 July 2020
Leaves: basal sheaths fibrous; sheath fronts membranous; blades V-shaped in cross-section when young, smooth or papillose. Inflorescences racemose with 2–5
6 KB (409 words) - 02:04, 30 July 2020
linear to narrowly lanceolate, venation parallel, cross venation not evident, without arm or fusoid cells, cross-sections non-kranz, epidermes without microhairs
9 KB (743 words) - 02:51, 30 July 2020
recognized by the evident cross venation of their wide blades. Unfortunately, Chasmanthium is exceptional in this regard, lacking evident cross venation. Grass Phylogeny
8 KB (695 words) - 03:55, 30 July 2020
axes; leaves all inserted below ground; blade filiform, oval to terete in cross section, with 4 longitudinal grooves. Romulea 2 Flowers in 2–many-flowered
15 KB (556 words) - 06:04, 30 July 2020
mealy or translucent, ovoid to cylindric, 0.3–1 (–4) mm, variously lined and cross-lined; endosperm starchy and proteinaceous; embryo basal-lateral, minute
16 KB (658 words) - 00:56, 30 July 2020
row per locule, narrowly obovoid to narrowly oblanceoloid, triangular in cross-section, appearing smooth, glossy. = 7. w North America, nw Mexico, w South
14 KB (984 words) - 21:03, 7 June 2022
veins diverging at base, converging at apex (acrodromous), usually strongly cross-veined, margins entire, subentire, serrate, serrulate, or crenulate. Inflorescences
13 KB (667 words) - 21:04, 7 June 2022
leaves; blades usually relatively broad, venation parallel, often with evident cross venation; mesophyll nonradiate; adaxial palisade layer usually absent; fusoid
11 KB (722 words) - 03:10, 30 July 2020
external surface with ± straight median line and relatively broad plates, cross, obliquely, or vertically striolate, or papillose, rarely smooth, sometimes
10 KB (312 words) - 07:51, 30 July 2020
as a whole, their use is essential. These patterns should be observed in cross sections made from mature, but not senescent, leaves of vegetative shoots
52 KB (3,291 words) - 03:08, 30 July 2020
directions from twigs, persisting to 10 years, mostly 4-angled and square in cross-section (to triangular or ± flattened), mostly rigid, sessile on peglike
9 KB (446 words) - 15:28, 15 December 2020
weak border; basal-cells long-rectangular, thin-walled, generally smooth, cross-walls frequently distinctly colored. Sexual condition autoicous. Seta elongate
11 KB (510 words) - 06:46, 30 July 2020
all basal; blades flat, V-shaped, M-shaped, rarely terete or involute in cross section, commonly less than 2 cm wide, if flat with distinct midrib. Carex
24 KB (775 words) - 01:21, 30 July 2020
pappose) > 2 1 Ray cypselae usually compressed, ± terete, or ± 3-angled in cross section (if ± obcompressed, then each ± 1/2 enveloped by a phyllary; if rays
15 KB (799 words) - 23:36, 29 July 2020
or sometimes reduced; exostome, when not reduced, with external surface cross-striolate proximally, papillose distally, when reduced, striate, papillose
8 KB (302 words) - 07:56, 30 July 2020
1 Fruits acorns, acorn a solitary nut, circular in cross section, at least partially covered by scaly cup, cup unlobed, without visible
13 KB (591 words) - 08:36, 30 July 2020
double (single in Neomacounia); exostome with external surface smooth or cross-striolate, papillose distally; endostome basal membrane low or high, segments
14 KB (449 words) - 07:55, 30 July 2020
membranous, spotted or streaked with red or pale-brown; blades V-shaped in cross-section when young, sometimes involute, glabrous. Inflorescences racemose
8 KB (476 words) - 02:04, 30 July 2020
sheaths fibrous; sheath fronts membranous; blades filiform or V-shaped in cross-section when young, glabrous. Inflorescences a single spike; bracts absent;
5 KB (372 words) - 01:25, 30 July 2020
rostrate; peristome xerocastique or hygrocastique, perfect (exostome teeth cross-striolate proximally; endostome conspicuous, not adherent to exostome (except
28 KB (900 words) - 07:47, 30 July 2020
blade light green to green and occasionally with lighter patterns of white (“cross-zoned”) or imprinted with white (“bud-prints”), linearlanceolate to ovate
24 KB (1,110 words) - 06:12, 30 July 2020
fibrous-coated corms. Leaves 1–6, basal; blade linear, crescent-shaped in cross-section. Scape solitary, cylindrical, usually slender, occasionally stout
12 KB (690 words) - 06:01, 30 July 2020
deltate to lanceovate. Cypselae clavate to linear, compressed (lenticular in cross-section), silky-hairy; pappi of 4 (distinct) quadrate to spatulate, equal
9 KB (598 words) - 00:03, 30 July 2020
styles are petaloid and modified with some specialized structures to insure cross pollination. T. Holm (1929) restricted the term rhizome to a horizontal,
20 KB (1,129 words) - 06:06, 30 July 2020
stem and perichaetia erect to spreading; base somewhat clasping; costa in cross-section with undifferentiated incrassate cells, or sometimes thin-walled
7 KB (330 words) - 06:52, 30 July 2020
anthers 3, reddish-purple. Caryopses dorsiventrally compressed and reniform in cross-section, dark-brown; embryos about 2/5 as long as the caryopses. x = 10.
11 KB (976 words) - 04:34, 30 July 2020
reproduction","caryopsis architecture or pubescence or relief","crest coloration","cross-section quantity","culm architecture","culm growth form or texture","culm
7 KB (909 words) - 04:05, 30 July 2020
quantity","bristle quantity","cross-section architecture or pubescence or relief","cross-section pubescence or texture","cross-section shape","culm architecture
4 KB (457 words) - 01:57, 30 July 2020
sheaths and larger leaves distinctly septate-nodulose; blades V-shaped in cross-section when young, glabrous. Inflorescences racemose, with 2–6 (–9) spikes;
8 KB (437 words) - 02:16, 30 July 2020
blades of at least proximal leaves septate-nodulose, M-shaped to flat in cross-section, adaxial surface with 2 lateral-veins more prominent than midvein
9 KB (468 words) - 02:15, 30 July 2020
observable in cross section. These characters are extremely important because they can reliably differentiate many species of Dicranum. The leaf cross section
26 KB (1,278 words) - 06:56, 30 July 2020
basally and distally, venation parallel, cross venation not evident, secondary-veins parallel to the midvein; cross-sections non-kranz, with arm and fusoid
8 KB (773 words) - 03:13, 30 July 2020
part with elongate hyaline cells; costa showing two bands of stereids in cross-section; medial leaf cells isodiametric. Specialized asexual reproduction
7 KB (504 words) - 07:15, 30 July 2020
areole, straight, curved, or twisted, never hooked, terete, elliptic in cross-section or variously angled to flattened. Flowers diurnal (a few species
24 KB (1,147 words) - 09:19, 30 July 2020
prickles, with stem buds near base, vascular-bundles numerous, U or O-shaped in cross-section. Blade 2–4-pinnate, rachis and costae grooved adaxially; rachis without
5 KB (316 words) - 00:35, 30 July 2020
leaves with at least narrow hyaline or white-hyaline band; blades V-shaped in cross-section when young, widest 0.8–5 mm wide, glabrous. Inflorescences racemose
9 KB (540 words) - 01:53, 30 July 2020
nodding by recurved floral-tube, usually sharply or bluntly quadrangular in cross-section (sometimes fluted in distal 1/2 in O. deltoides), without free tips
11 KB (948 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
basal sheaths not fibrous; sheath fronts membranous; blades V-shaped in cross-section when young, glabrous. Inflorescence 1 spike per culm; bracts absent;
6 KB (403 words) - 02:19, 30 July 2020
linear, venation parallel, cross venation not evident, abaxial surfaces with microhairs and variously shaped silica-bodies, cross-sections non-kranz; first
9 KB (703 words) - 02:52, 30 July 2020