1–8 or more per cluster, narrowly turbinate to campanulate; teeth (3–) 5–6 (–10), erect or occasionally spreading, apex acute to obtuse or rounded. Flowers
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spreading-hairy (C. exserta), pollen-sacs 2, unequal; staminode 0; ovary 2-locular, placentation axile; stigma capitate, entire, or 2-lobed. Capsules: dehiscence loculicidal
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bractlets (4 or) 5 (–10); hypanthium patelliform to cupulate, rarely turbinate, 0.5–2.5 (–5) × (1.5–) 2–7 (–10) mm; sepals (4 or) 5 (–10), spreading at anthesis
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absent or round and smooth, tomentose to floccose or glabrous; bracts usually 2–10 sometimes more, scalelike, semileaflike, or leaflike. Peduncles absent (or
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(–12) cm, length 1.6–2 times width, coriaceous to thin, lobes 0 or 1–4 or 5 (–9), sinuses usually shallow, sometimes deep, veins 1–8 (–10) per side, absent
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to Jepson (Fl. Calif. 436, 1914).” Atriplex sibirica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 2: 1493. 1763 This was supposedly collected in northeastern United States,
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appendaged, margins entire or emarginate to 2-fid, rarely pinnatifid [fimbriate or filiform]; stamens (2 or 4) 6 [8–24], in 2 whorls, usually tetradynamous (lateral
107 KB (3,718 words) - 12:07, 30 July 2020
oblong, rarely ovate, oblanceolate, or rhombic, base usually clawed; stamens 10–30, usually shorter than or equal to petals, sometimes longer. Drupes 1, greenish
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truncate-spheric, indurate, hairy; mericarps [7–] 9–30, drying tan to brown, 1-celled or 2-celled, without dorsal spur, distally extended or not, usually smooth, apex
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present; compound thorns on trunk abundant or absent; twigs ± thorny, thorns 10–60 (–100) mm, growth determinate (indeterminate in sect. Crataegus); glabrous
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venation brochidodromous. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, racemes, usually 2–10-flowered, sometimes flowers solitary, (leafy); (bracteoles absent, present
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aromatic, 0.3–10 (–12) dm, sparsely to densely hairy, inconspicuously to conspicuously glandular; compactly to ± loosely rhizomatous. Stems 1–10+, decumbent
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bulbiferous, with flowers borne singly, in pairs, or in umbellike clusters of 2–40+ on peduncles or the lateral branches borne by the peduncle. Flowers protandrous
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axile; ovules 2 per locule, anatropous or hemitropous; styles [2–] 3–10 [–15], distinct or connate, unbranched or 2-fid; stigmas [2–] 3–10 [–15] (as many
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proximal node, 0.3–2.5 × 0.2–1.8 cm, usually scalelike distally, 1–5 × 0.5–3 mm. Involucres 1 per node, turbinate to campanulate, 1–6 × (1–) 1.5–10 mm, tomentose
27 KB (1,609 words) - 10:41, 30 July 2020
Pistillate flowers: sepals [3–] (4–) 5 (–9) [–10] or 0, imbricate or valvate, distinct (connate for 1/2+ length in C. argyranthemus); petals 5 (sometimes
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base. Seeds many, elliptic, 2–4 mm, bearing white or yellowish, large, oily, myrmecochorous elaiosome (aril). x = 5.2n = 10 in all American species recorded
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glabrous or pubescent, rarely hirsute or hispid, trichomes simple or branched, 2–14-rayed, sometimes dendritic, not stellate. Stems erect, ascending, or decumbent
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elliptic; staminodes present or reduced to annulus, nectariferous; stamens 10–50 in 2–4 series, shorter or longer than petals; torus absent or reduced; carpels
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corneous, apex mostly sharp-pointed. Scape, when present, usually less than 2.5 cm diam. Inflorescences erect or rarely pendent, paniculate or racemose,
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(–65), styles free exsert (0.5–) 1–2.5 (–4) mm, pilose, stylar orifice 1–3 mm diam., hypanthial disc flat, 2–5 (–10) mm diam. Hips scarlet or red to orange-red
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perennial, not viviparous, 7–10 dm, glabrous. Stems above ground (caudex) or underground (corm), usually erect, simple or 2-branched at apex, rarely with
13 KB (1,202 words) - 13:01, 30 July 2020
its hybrids), solid or hollow, terete or slightly flattened. Leaves: basal 3–10, in fan; blade monofacial (except at base), smooth or ridged, sometimes centrally
20 KB (1,129 words) - 06:06, 30 July 2020
Herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial, rarely subshrubs, not viviparous, 0.2–10 dm, glabrous or hairy. Stems erect, ascending, procumbent, or creeping, usually
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subg. Micranthobatus [in the sense of Kalkman]), 5–80 mm diam.; hypanthium 3–10 mm diam., glabrous or sparsely to densely pubescent, eglandular or sparsely
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fleshy. Stems (1–) 2–20+, prostrate or pendent to erect, green, grayish, or reddish. Leaves winter-marcescent, primarily basal, cauline 0–10 (–15), well developed
19 KB (1,253 words) - 14:03, 30 July 2020
continuous ring or in 4–5 barely discernable fascicles, each of 1–2 stamens; ovary 2–5-merous; placentation incompletely axile to parietal; styles ± appressed
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usually glabrous (rarely tomentose) adaxially; tepals connate proximally 1/5–1/2 their length, monomorphic or dimorphic; stamens included or exserted; filaments
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conic; carpels 10–80, glabrous, styles subbasal, fusiform, medially rough-thickened; ovule 1. Fruits aggregated achenes, individually deciduous, 10–80 or less
22 KB (1,357 words) - 14:09, 30 July 2020
occasionally fistulose, 0.3–4 (–10) dm, glabrous or lanate to tomentose or floccose. Leaves basal or sheathing up stem 0.5–4 dm; petiole 1–10 cm, glabrous or tomentose;
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number."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property. "dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."dm" is
10 KB (569 words) - 06:10, 30 July 2020
Leaves alternate, simple, sometimes pinnately compound or basal leaflets 1 (or 2); stipules deciduous or persistent, free or adnate to petiole; venation pinnate
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or subshrubs, 0.4–8 dm. Stems not dimorphic, hairy, usually some hairs (chasmogamous), 1–20 per capsule (cleistogamous). x = 10. North America, Mexico
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1-year old very dark, usually slender, 1–5 cm. Leaves: petiole length (0–) 10–40 (–60) % blade, pubescent (young), sessile-glandular (young); blade light
22 KB (1,233 words) - 13:46, 30 July 2020
on page 387, 390. Herbs, perennial or biennial, or subshrubs, (0.7–) 1.5–9 dm, sericeous, villous, or rarely glabrous; stems dimorphic: basal stems produced
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rarely unisexual (dioecious in R. setigera or monoecious), 10–90 (–100) mm diam.; hypanthium 2–5 (–10) mm, glabrous, puberulent, tomentose, or setose, eglandular
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golden, or orange; ovary inferior, globose, ovoid, oblong, or pyriform, ovules 2–10 per locule; style exserted beyond stamens, deflexed laterally, filiform;
14 KB (860 words) - 05:56, 30 July 2020
Cardamine rotundifolia, Cardamine rupicola, Cardamine umbellata Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 654. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 295. 1754. Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz, Karol Marhold
23 KB (1,239 words) - 12:23, 30 July 2020
replum rounded; septum complete; ovules (10–) 12–120 per ovary; style distinct or obsolete; stigma entire or 2-lobed. Seeds uniseriate, usually flattened
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pistil 5–10-carpellate; ovary inferior, 5-locular or 10-locular; stigma capitate. Fruits drupaceous, ovoid to globose, fleshy. Seeds (pyrenes) 10, ellipsoid;
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bracteoles absent. Flowers: post-mature petals pale paper brown; stamens 5 or 10–20, anthers white to ivory, pink, or purple, sometimes puce. Pomes bright
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et al., eds. 1905+. North American Flora…. 47+ volumes. New York. Ser. 2, part 10, pp. 180–195. Shinners, L. H. 1950. Notes on Texas Compositae. IV. Field
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sophioides, Descurainia torulosa Webb & Berthelot Hist. Nat. Îsles Canaries 3(2,3): 72. 1836. Barbara E. Goodson, Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz Common names: Tansy mustard
18 KB (1,258 words) - 12:28, 30 July 2020
572, 577, 580, 586, 588, 590, 591, 592, 594, 611. Shrubs or trees, 10–60 (–80) dm, main trunk dominant. Stems: trunk bark gray and corrugated or buff
16 KB (1,084 words) - 14:44, 30 July 2020
to persistent basal rosettes, (0.5–) 2–7 (–10) dm, lengths (1.5–) 2–4 times basal leaves. Leaves: basal sometimes 2-ranked; cauline (0–) 1–4 (–5); primary
18 KB (1,044 words) - 13:56, 30 July 2020
revolute. Inflorescences cymose, compact, often flat-topped, 0.5–6 (–12) × 1–10 (–13) cm; branches dichotomous, whitish-lanate to brownish or reddish-tomentose
15 KB (1,118 words) - 10:29, 30 July 2020
flattened, perfectly septate. Inflorescences terminal panicles or racemes of 2 to –many heads, a single terminal head, or rarely a cyme of heads, sympodial;
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A. Graham Common names: Loosestrife Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs, annual or perennial, shrubs, subshrubs, or trees, terrestrial, amphibious
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falcate bracteoles absent. Flowers: post-mature petals pale paper brown; stamens 10 or 20, anthers red, pink, purple, sometimes white, ivory, or cream. Pomes
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aromatic, often strongly so. Stems decumbent or ascending to erect, (0.5–) 1–10 (–12) dm. Basal leaves usually planar, sometimes ± cylindric; stipules usually
10 KB (768 words) - 14:06, 30 July 2020
spines absent; stamens 5 or fewer; ovary superior; style 1 or absent; stigmas 2 (–5), filiform. Fruits utricles or achenes, often enclosed in infolded perianth
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oblong-ovate, obovate, quadrangular, suborbiculate, or orbiculate, 0.2–10 × 0.2–6 cm, membranous to coriaceous, base tapering or truncate to rounded or
22 KB (1,558 words) - 13:48, 30 July 2020
abaxially pubescent or glabrous; stamens (5–) 10 or (18–) 20, anthers ivory, sometimes pink; styles 2–4 (or 5). Pomes usually bright to deep red or yellowish
20 KB (1,294 words) - 13:44, 30 July 2020
viridis, Draba weberi, Draba yukonensis, Draba zionensis Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 642. 1753. Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz, Michael D. Windham, Reidar Elven Etymology:
85 KB (2,094 words) - 12:08, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs, annual or perennial,or subshrubs, terrestrial or amphibious, 0.5–15 (–30) dm, green, gray-green, or gray-white
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papillate-swollen in proximal 1/5–1/2, 0.8–2.5 mm. Achenes ± smooth. North America, Eurasia, reportedly in s Australia Species ca. 30 (10 in the flora). The circumscription
14 KB (899 words) - 13:59, 30 July 2020
or coarse, stout, branching or not, strongly flexuous, 3–10 dm. Leaves: basal withering, 1–2 dm; blade linear. Inflorescences subumbellate, 1–6-flowered;
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cylindric; stamens 10, included; anthers without awns, tubules 2-4 mm, with terminal pores. Berries pseudo 10-locular. Seeds (4-) 10-25 (-40). 2n = 24, 48, 72
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leaflets indistinct, sparsely to densely hairy or glabrate. Cauline leaves (1–) 2–10 (–15), not paired; blade ± well developed. Inflorescences open to congested
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torus usually enlarged; carpels (2 or) 3–250 (–450), styles terminal (subterminal in Waldsteinia), distinct; ovules 1 or 2, basal, superposed. Fruits aggregated
6 KB (393 words) - 14:33, 30 July 2020
fistulose, 0.03–4 dm, floccose to tomentose or lanate or nearly glabrous. Leaves basal, 1 per node; petiole not twisted or curled, 0.1–10 cm, mostly tomentose;
13 KB (1,117 words) - 10:39, 30 July 2020
base clawed; stamens (8–) 10–20 (–23) in 1 or 2 series, shorter than petals; carpels 1–5, distinct, adnate to proximal 1/2 of hypanthium, glabrous or
31 KB (1,652 words) - 14:31, 30 July 2020
with flowers disposed in 1s, 2s or 3s on long scapes or peduncles; bracts present; buds nodding [erect]. Flowers: sepals 2 (-3), distinct; petals 4 (-6);
11 KB (522 words) - 08:35, 30 July 2020
node; petiole 0.2–2 (–4) cm, tomentose to floccose; blade linear, oblanceolate, or spatulate to elliptic, (0.2–) 1–10 (–12) × 0.1–0.9 (–1.2) cm, densely tomentose
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rounded, or emarginate; stamens 5 (10 in I. pygmaea), anthers longer than wide, laterally dehiscent; carpels (1–) 2–15 (–30 in I. pygmaea). Achenes vertical
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epicalyx bractlets, if present, 5 (10 in G. glaciale); hypanthium saucer-shaped to cupshaped, 2–6 mm; sepals 5 (–10 in G. glaciale), erect to erect-spreading
22 KB (1,259 words) - 14:34, 30 July 2020
than distal. Flowers 5-merous; hypanthium 2–6 mm diam.; petals yellow, narrowly to broadly obcordate, (3.5–) 4–10 (–12) mm, equal to or longer than sepals
18 KB (1,094 words) - 13:58, 30 July 2020
ascending, comprising distal 1/2–2/3 of inflorescence, shorter than 10 cm. Flowers 2–12 per cluster, erect, urceolate, 2.3–4.3 cm; perianth yellow, tube
7 KB (560 words) - 06:13, 30 July 2020
from large, fleshy roots. Stems 1-several, 10-15 dm or more. Leaves ca. 5, compound, to 10 dm; blade with 2-4 orders of leaflets and lobes; ultimate lobes
8 KB (537 words) - 08:38, 30 July 2020
conspicuous awns, tubules ca. 1-2 mm, with terminal pores. Berries 5-locular (each locule containing 10-50 ovules). Seeds (3-) 10-35. North America, Mexico,
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aromatic; taproot slender or stout, not fusiform or fleshy. Stems (0.1–) 0.2–2.5 (–3) dm. Basal leaves planar or loosely to tightly cylindric; stipules present;
13 KB (1,038 words) - 14:03, 30 July 2020
274, 303, 304, 310. Herbs, perennial, 0.2–4 (–8) dm; rhizomatous, often forming woody stock. Stems 1–6 (–10), decumbent to ascending or erect, usually
18 KB (1,235 words) - 14:11, 30 July 2020
(4-angled or 8-ribbed), cylindrical, 12–29 × 3–9 mm; proximal segment terete, (5–10 mm); terminal segment fusiform to turbinate, (7–15 mm), (beak flattened),
5 KB (728 words) - 12:20, 30 July 2020
± overlapping, divided either 1/2–3/4+ to midrib into (0–) 2–15 ultimate lobes or teeth not restricted to apex, or 1/10–1/4 or less to midrib into (0–)
10 KB (847 words) - 14:08, 30 July 2020
(4–) 8–20 dm, glabrous or finely pubescent; branches, when present, 0.5–1 dm; bracts erect, linear, proximal 10–20 × 1–2 cm, distal 3–8 × 1–2 cm; peduncle
10 KB (682 words) - 06:11, 30 July 2020
(–6) mm, or leaflike, 10–25 mm, and similar to leaf-blades. Peduncles absent. Involucres 1 per node, turbinate, (1–) 1.5–3.5 × 1–2 (–2.5) mm; teeth 5, erect
15 KB (1,306 words) - 10:30, 30 July 2020
rosettes, 0.2–2 (–3) dm, lengths 1–3 (–5) times basal leaves. Leaves: basal not in ranks; cauline 0–2; primary leaves ternate or palmate, (1–) 2–10 (–18) cm;
12 KB (863 words) - 13:59, 30 July 2020
persistent, (5–) 10–80, usually in continuous or interrupted ring, sometimes in 5 barely discernable fascicles, each of 1–2 stamens; ovary (2–) 3 (–4) -merous;
10 KB (391 words) - 11:15, 30 July 2020
styles terminal or lateral, distinct; ovules 1, basal, or 2 and collateral, 4–8, or 10–12 in 2 series, declining. Fruits achenes or aggregated follicles;
5 KB (307 words) - 14:23, 30 July 2020
occasionally papillose, mostly glabrous adaxially; tepals connate proximally 1/4–1/2 their length, monomorphic or dimorphic; stamens included or exserted; filaments
19 KB (884 words) - 10:50, 30 July 2020
mucilaginous or not when wetted; cotyledons accumbent. x = 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15. North America, n Mexico, s South America (Argentina), s South America
40 KB (1,647 words) - 11:54, 30 July 2020
page 516, 525, 526, 531, 532, 549, 606, 607, 628, 629. Shrubs or trees, 10–100 dm, main trunk dominant (more commonly in taller plants). Stems: trunk bark
13 KB (1,053 words) - 14:38, 30 July 2020
not, claw often ± villous; stamens [10–] 14–20 [–44] in 2 or 3 series, usually slightly longer than petals; carpels 2–5, distinct, partially or wholly connate
21 KB (1,208 words) - 14:28, 30 July 2020
entire; stamens 7–10 or 20; styles 2 or 3 (–5). Pomes orange to red, broadly ellipsoid to suborbicular, glabrous or hairy; pyrenes 2 or 3 (–5), sides eroded
10 KB (811 words) - 14:37, 30 July 2020
persistent basal rosettes, 0.2–1.5 (–2.7) dm, lengths 1/2–3 (–4) times basal leaves. Leaves: basal not in ranks; cauline 0–2; primary leaves palmate to subpalmate
13 KB (976 words) - 13:58, 30 July 2020
bracteoles absent. Flowers: post-mature petals pale paper brown; stamens [10–] 20, anthers ivory, pale-yellow, pink to purple, or reddish. Pomes vermillion
7 KB (671 words) - 14:34, 30 July 2020
272, 301, 304. Herbs, perennial, acaulescent, 0.2–2.8 dm; short-rhizomatous, stoloniferous. Stems 1–10 (crowns), procumbent, sympodially branched, stolons
14 KB (994 words) - 14:08, 30 July 2020
[shrubs], annual or perennial, aquatic or terrestrial, not viviparous, 0.1–5 dm, glabrous [pubescent]. Stems erect, decumbent, or spreading, simple or branching
11 KB (847 words) - 12:59, 30 July 2020
Bulbs seldom clustered, globose, 1–5 cm diam. Leaves usually fewer than 10, 1–6 dm × 4–20 mm. Inflorescences 20–80 cm; sterile bracts absent, bracts subtending
7 KB (506 words) - 05:59, 30 July 2020
hairy to glabrate except on veins, adaxial hairy young. Inflorescences (5–) 10–20-flowered, convex panicles, arising subterminally from woody shorts shoots
16 KB (1,227 words) - 14:40, 30 July 2020
subshrubs, or herbs, rarely scapose, (1–) 1.5–10 × 1–15 (–18) dm or, if matted, 0.1–2.5 (–3) × 0.5–3 (–5) dm,, lanate to thinly tomentose, or glabrous, grayish
13 KB (1,147 words) - 10:35, 30 July 2020
Lepidium thurberi, Lepidium tiehmii, Lepidium virginicum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 643. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 291. 1754. Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz, John F. Gaskin
29 KB (1,412 words) - 12:33, 30 July 2020
anatomy of Loasaceae with relation to systematics, habit and ecology. Aliso 10: 583–602. Ernst, W. R. and H. J. Thompson. 1963. The Loasaceae in the southeastern
12 KB (698 words) - 18:33, 29 July 2020
adaxial appressed-scabrous-pubescent young, glabrescent. Inflorescences (4 or) 5–10 (–20) -flowered, convex panicles; branches glabrous or villous; bracteoles
13 KB (959 words) - 14:41, 30 July 2020
after flowering, 1–10 mm, exterior hairy, eglandular; sepals (3–) 5, erect to reflexed, broadly to narrowly deltate; petals 0; stamens 10–61; torus absent;
13 KB (773 words) - 14:15, 30 July 2020
persistent basal rosettes, 0.2–2.5 (–4.5) dm, lengths 1.5–5 times basal leaves. Leaves: basal rarely 2-ranked; cauline 0–2 (–3); primary leaves usually
21 KB (1,382 words) - 14:01, 30 July 2020
trichomes sessile, medifixed, appressed, 2-rayed (malpighiaceous) or 3–5 (–8) -rayed (stellate), rays (when 2) parallel to long axis of stems, leaves,
17 KB (1,002 words) - 12:29, 30 July 2020
438. Plants (0.5–) 1–6 × 0.5–4 dm. Leaf-blades 1–7 × 0.5–2 cm. Inflorescences 1–5 dm; bracts 1–4 (–10) × 0.5–3 mm, awns 0.2–1.5 mm. Peduncles (0.3–) 1–5
5 KB (647 words) - 10:53, 30 July 2020
sometimes ± reflexed in congested inflorescences, 1–3 (–10) mm. Flowers: epicalyx bractlets linear, 0.2–0.3 (–0.5) mm wide, entire; hypanthium interior glabrous;
7 KB (667 words) - 14:07, 30 July 2020
staminate flowers 10–20, pistillate flowers 1–4. Pedicels: staminate 0.8–2 mm, pistillate 0–5 mm. Staminate flowers: sepals 5, 0.8–1.2 mm, abaxial surface
10 KB (534 words) - 18:31, 29 July 2020