Seed-cones 2–3 × 1.3–1.6cm, on curved stalks 2.5–4.5 × 3.5–5mm; scales 45–55, margins entire, adaxial surface pubescent; bracts tipped by awn to 3mm, exceeding
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Association Herbs, 0.2-2.5dm, sparsely to densely pubescent with falcate and straight hairs. Stems rooting at nodes. Leaf-blades 3-8 × 2-4mm, base prominently
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sepals 8-18 × 6-14 mm, spur 12-20 mm; petals of same color as sepals or whiter, lateral lobes 3-6mm, terminal lobes 5-8 × 2-4 mm, sinus 0.2-1 mm. Follicles
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20-70 cm, 3-6mm diam.; bark smooth, ringed with leaf-scars, inner bark yellow. Leaves clustered near stem apex, to 18cm; leaflets 3-5, 2.5-10 × 2-8 cm, sessile
5 KB (520 words) - 08:37, 30 July 2020
Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is the state tree of Oregon. Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). None. Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca, Pseudotsuga menziesii
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5–1cm, usually on curved stalks 2–5 × 2–2.5mm, sometimes sessile on long-shoots; scales 10–30, margins entire, brown-strigose to tomentose at base; bracts
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dark redbrown, to 1.2cm, slightly resinous. Leaves 2 per fascicle, spreading or ascending, persisting 3–8 years, 2–8cm × 0.7–2 (–3) mm, twisted, yellow-green
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yellow-tomentose for 2–3 years. Buds tomentose, scale margins ciliate. Leaves of short-shoots 2–3.5cm × 0.6–0.8mm, 0.4–0.6mm thick, keeled abaxially, 2-angled adaxially;
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1994. 2 vols. Kew. Vol. 1, pp. 1–7. Carlquist, S. 1966. Wood anatomy of Anthemidae, Ambrosieae, Calenduleae, and Arctotideae (Compositae). Aliso 6(2): 1–23
275 KB (5,940 words) - 15:30, 15 December 2020
8 (–2) mm; median filaments 1.5–2.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.5–0.6mm, (gynophore 0.3–0.8 (–1) mm). Fruits silicles, straight, globose or subglobose, (2.5–)
9 KB (841 words) - 12:26, 30 July 2020
slender, pinkish brown, glabrous. Buds orangebrown, 3–6mm, apex rounded. Leaves (0.8–) 1.5–2 (–2.5) cm, 4-angled in cross-section, rigid, blue-green, bearing
8 KB (785 words) - 00:31, 30 July 2020
pistillode cuplike. Pistillate flowers: tepals 4, distinct, inner 2 equal to achene, outer 2 smaller, without hooked hairs; staminodes absent; style absent;
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Bot. (London) 2: 198. 1805. Robert Kral Common names: Table mountain pine mountain pine IllustratedEndemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Illustrator:
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into slender, brittle prickle 4–10mm. Seeds obliquely obovoid; body 5–6mm, gray-brown to near black; wing ca. 10–13mm. 2n =24. Habitat: Subalpine and alpine
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Heads of achenes cylindric, 20-30 × 7-10mm; pedicels conspicuously exserted well beyond leaves; achenes 4-6mm, glabrous, adaxial margin with low, rounded
6 KB (526 words) - 08:39, 30 July 2020
appendaged, margins entire or emarginate to 2-fid, rarely pinnatifid [fimbriate or filiform]; stamens (2 or 4) 6 [8–24], in 2 whorls, usually tetradynamous (lateral
107 KB (3,718 words) - 12:07, 30 July 2020
mm; filaments 0.9–2.6mm; anthers 1–1.2 mm. Fruits erect to ascending, straight, (1.5–) 2.2–5.8 cm × 0.6–1.8 mm, terete; valves glabrous or sparsely pubescent;
8 KB (737 words) - 12:32, 30 July 2020
pale redbrown, 1–1.2 (–2) cm, mostly less than 1cm broad, slightly resinous; scale margins white-fringed, apex acuminate. Leaves 2–3 per fascicle, ascending
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tints, stalks 2–3cm; apophyses slightly raised, resinous at tip; umbo terminal, low. Seeds compressed, broadly obliquely obovoid; body 5–6mm, redbrown mottled
8 KB (627 words) - 00:27, 30 July 2020
margins entire or sparsely dentate, 2–4 (–6) cm. Cauline leaves (shortly petiolate); blade oblanceolate to linear, 1–2 (–3) cm, margins entire. Racemes loose
6 KB (681 words) - 11:55, 30 July 2020
Triquetrae, Carex sect. Vesicariae, Carex sect. Vulpinae Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 972. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 420. 1754. Peter W. Ball, A. A. Reznicek Common
80 KB (3,349 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
toothed, teeth if present usually bristle-tipped. Staminate flowers: calyx 2-6-lobed; anthers usually retuse, rarely apiculate. Pistillate flowers: calyx
23 KB (617 words) - 08:21, 30 July 2020
veins; lodicules (0) 2-3, inconspicuous, usually without veins, bases swelling at anthesis; stamens usually 3, sometimes 1 (2) or 6+, filaments capillary
35 KB (1,876 words) - 02:36, 30 July 2020
usually distinct; anthers basifixed; pistils 1, 2–3 (–4) -carpellate, fused, locule 1; style undivided or branches 2–3 (–4); stigma sometimes papillate. Fruits
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lemmas, straight or bent; paleas 2-keeled, from shorter than to longer than the lemmas, sometimes absent or minute; lodicules 2, membranous, not or weakly veined;
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4-6 × 2-4 mm, appressed-hirsute; petals 5 (-10), yellow, 7-13 × 4-10 mm. Heads of achenes hemispheric or globose, 5-8 × 6-8 (-10) mm; achenes 2.2-3.4
6 KB (519 words) - 08:28, 30 July 2020
chartaceous or scarious or margins and/or apices notably scarious, sometimes in 1–2 series, distinct, subequal, and herbaceous with margins and/or apices barely
79 KB (1,886 words) - 20:55, 29 July 2020
paniculiform arrays. Involucres turbinate to hemispheric, 5–35 mm diam. Phyllaries 30–125 (–150) in 2–5 series, 1-nerved or 3-nerved (nerves golden-resinous;
97 KB (2,063 words) - 21:58, 29 July 2020
mostly over 13.5cm; umbos mostly more than 6mm, whole umbo curved outward. Seeds to 14mm wide, averaging over 11mm, brown to dark-brown with darker mottling
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shorter than 6mm, terminal portion curved outward. Seeds to 12mm wide, averaging less than 11mm, light to medium brown with dark mottling. 2n =24. Habitat:
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or absent, blade apex entire, notched, or 2 (-4) -fid, sometimes dentate or laciniate; stamens 1-10, in 1 or 2 whorls, arising from base of ovary, nectariferous
29 KB (1,113 words) - 10:14, 30 July 2020
scale margins finely fringed. Leaves 2 per fascicle, spreading to ascending, persisting 2–3 years, 4–8 (–10) cm × 0.7–1.2mm, straight, slightly twisted, dark
8 KB (518 words) - 00:25, 30 July 2020
short, stout, sharp prickle. Seeds ellipsoid; body ca. 6mm, gray to nearly black; wing 12–16mm. 2n =24. Habitat: Uplands, dry forests Elevation: 200–610m
7 KB (506 words) - 00:33, 30 July 2020
rarely 5-veined, if with 7-13 veins, the veins often in 3 groups; lodicules 2, or absent, x = 7, 8, 9, 10, 12. Most members of the Cynodonteae in the Flora
34 KB (1,217 words) - 04:33, 30 July 2020
usually persistent (readily falling), usually in 2–8+ series, distinct, and unequal, sometimes in 1–2 series, distinct, and subequal to equal, usually
17 KB (728 words) - 22:41, 29 July 2020
very showy; tepals 6, distinct or less often connate proximally forming tube that may also bear a corona, usually petaloid and ± equal in 2 whorls of 3, or
29 KB (1,493 words) - 05:37, 30 July 2020
rarely between ovary and perianth or ovary and pedicel; perianth of 6 tepals in 2 whorls, all petaloid or sepals sometimes greener and more foliaceous
41 KB (2,210 words) - 05:19, 30 July 2020
finely pubescent, occasionally glabrous. Buds orangebrown, 3–6mm, apex rounded. Leaves 1.6–3 (–3.5) cm, 4-angled in cross-section, rigid, blue-green, bearing
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glands and a few scattered hairs; tepals connate only basally or in proximal 1/2, monomorphic or dimorphic; stamens usually exserted, sometimes included; filaments
80 KB (1,352 words) - 10:29, 30 July 2020
with internal protrusion dividing carpel into 2 cells, dehiscence loculicidal, rarely indehiscent. Seeds 2–30, often reniform, glabrous or hairy. Nearly
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infrequently spikelets with 1-2 reduced or staminate basal florets and a single terminal sexual floret. Glumes usually 2, upper or lower glumes sometimes
17 KB (872 words) - 03:12, 30 July 2020
viridis, Draba weberi, Draba yukonensis, Draba zionensis Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 642. 1753. Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz, Michael D. Windham, Reidar Elven Etymology:
85 KB (2,094 words) - 12:08, 30 July 2020
oblong, or elliptic, rarely linear, 1–70 mm wide. > 21 21 Pollen sacs 0.3–1.2 mm, opposite; corollas 7–22 mm, throats 2-ridged abaxially, sometimes rounded
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styles 2–3 (–4), distinct or connate (Saxifragopsis); stigmas 2–3 (–4), capitate. Fruits capsular, sometimes folliclelike (Cascadia, Micranthes), 2–3 (–4)
27 KB (1,591 words) - 13:14, 30 July 2020
spreading-hairy (C. exserta), pollen-sacs 2, unequal; staminode 0; ovary 2-locular, placentation axile; stigma capitate, entire, or 2-lobed. Capsules: dehiscence loculicidal
79 KB (2,746 words) - 18:50, 29 July 2020
rounded or pointed tip, or stigmas slenderly or broadly cylindrical, or 2 plump lobes. 2n = 38 (29), 57 (1), 76 (16), 95 (1), 114 (4), unknown (21). North America
52 KB (888 words) - 11:54, 30 July 2020
persistent, usually in 3–5+ series, distinct, and unequal, sometimes in 1–2 series, distinct or connate, and subequal to equal, margins (seldom prickly)
30 KB (805 words) - 20:06, 29 July 2020
apex sharp-pointed. Leaves 2–3.7cm × 2mm, mostly 1-ranked, flexible, the proximal portion often appressed to twig for 2–3mm (best seen on abaxial surface
9 KB (788 words) - 00:26, 30 July 2020
redbrown, 1–1.5 (–2) cm, resinous. Leaves 3 per fascicle (to 5 in adventitious or disturbed growth), spreading to ascending, persisting 2–3 years, (12–) 15–20
8 KB (577 words) - 00:24, 30 July 2020
nobilis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindley 1833, Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Trees to 80m; trunk to 2.2m diam.; crown spirelike. Bark grayish brown, in age becoming
8 KB (588 words) - 00:23, 30 July 2020
1.5cm, resinous. Leaves (2–) 3 in a fascicle, spreading-ascending, persisting 3–4 years, (8–) 9–15 (–20) cm × 1.3–1.8 (–2) mm, straight, slightly twisted
8 KB (616 words) - 00:35, 30 July 2020
(1–) 2.5–6.5 × 0.6–2.3 cm, blade narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate or ovate, margins weakly serrulate to sinuate-pinnatifid; cauline 1–5.5 × 0.6–2 cm,
6 KB (742 words) - 21:03, 7 June 2022
variable prickle 1–6mm, resin exudate pale. Seeds ellipsoid-obovoid; body 5–8mm, pale-brown, mottled with dark red; wing 10–12mm. Habitat: Subalpine and
8 KB (514 words) - 00:34, 30 July 2020
often, slightly angustiseptate), 3–6mm; valves sparsely pubescent; ovules usually 4, rarely 6–8 per ovary; style 3–6.5 mm. Seeds plump. Phenology: Flowering
6 KB (694 words) - 11:57, 30 July 2020
present, often glandular; blade ± ovate to narrowly elliptic or obovate, (1.2–) 2–8 (–12) cm, wider leaves shallowly to deeply incised (rarely pinnately compound)
26 KB (2,400 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
glabrous or pubescent, rarely hirsute or hispid, trichomes simple or branched, 2–14-rayed, sometimes dendritic, not stellate. Stems erect, ascending, or decumbent
73 KB (2,294 words) - 12:15, 30 July 2020
Sida spinosa, Sida tragiifolia, Sida ulmifolia, Sida urens Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 683. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 306. 1754. Paul A. Fryxell†, Steven R. Hill Common
13 KB (672 words) - 11:32, 30 July 2020
from 2/3 as long as to subequal to the lemmas, distinctly 2-keeled, margins and intercostal regions milky white to slightly greenish; lodicules 2, broadly
87 KB (2,178 words) - 03:17, 30 July 2020
leaves in capitate glomerules). Involucre ± actinomorphic, not spurred; glands (2–) 4, slightly concave, flat, or slightly convex; appendages petaloid or absent
36 KB (819 words) - 18:21, 29 July 2020
unilateralis, Carex vexans, Carex wootonii, Carex xerantica Kunth Enum. Pl. 2: 394. 1837. Joy Mastrogiuseppe, Paul E. Rothrock, A. C. Dibble, A. A. Reznicek
57 KB (937 words) - 01:54, 30 July 2020
margins entire, crenate, or toothed. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, 2-50-flowered cymes to 25 cm or solitary flowers; bracts present or absent, small
15 KB (560 words) - 08:33, 30 July 2020
in A. triquetrum); tepals 6, in 2 similar whorls, ± distinct, petallike, usually becoming becoming dry and persisting; stamens 6, epipetalous; filaments
43 KB (1,553 words) - 05:48, 30 July 2020
to Jepson (Fl. Calif. 436, 1914).” Atriplex sibirica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 2: 1493. 1763 This was supposedly collected in northeastern United States,
45 KB (1,022 words) - 09:34, 30 July 2020
exserted, flattened distally, 0.2–0.8 (–1.1) mm diam., tip straight to recurved, distal 5–60 (–90) % hairy, hairs to 3 mm, sometimes glabrous; style glabrous
36 KB (1,140 words) - 19:13, 29 July 2020
medially 3–5-ribbed, ovate, 1–2–1.6 × 1.1–1.3 mm, apex mucronulate. Flowers: anthers 2, 0.4–0.5 mm; styles 0.8–1 mm; stigmas 2, 0.4 mm. Achenes dark-brown, sessile
6 KB (560 words) - 01:36, 30 July 2020
0.01–0.05 m. Leaves: petiole 0.5–2–4.6 (–5.5) mm; largest medial blade 4.5–8–16.3 × 3–5.9–10.5 mm, 0.92–1.23–2.27 (–2.53) times as long as wide. Catkins:
6 KB (745 words) - 12:21, 30 July 2020
Mentioned on page 3, 9, 12, 18, 458, 459, 461, 462, 466. Annuals or perennials, 2–200 cm (colonial or cespitose, usually ± strongly heterophyllous, usually eglandular
62 KB (1,546 words) - 15:28, 15 December 2020
often spotted, flecked or streaked with red, purple, or white; stamens 8, in 2 equal or unequal series, or 4 in 1 series, filaments filiform or expanded distally
19 KB (745 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
absent, auricles 2, coronal appendages 2, variously shaped or dissected; limb usually exserted and conspicuous, oblanceolate to obovate, apex 2-lobed, sometimes
36 KB (1,364 words) - 10:24, 30 July 2020
obtrullate, rhombic-ovate, broadly ovate to suborbiculate, 1–8 (–12) cm, length 1.6–2 times width, coriaceous to thin, lobes 0 or 1–4 or 5 (–9), sinuses usually
28 KB (995 words) - 14:38, 30 July 2020
or pyramidal) protuberances to coalescent as vertical ribs; ribs 2–30 [–40+], if ribs 2, stems winged, if ribs 3 or more, stems ± angled; short-shoots (areoles)
40 KB (1,967 words) - 15:27, 15 December 2020
production of artificial F, plants. Nordic J. Bot. 2:435-444 Beal, W.J. 1896. Grasses of North America, vol. 2. Henry Holt & Company, New York, New York U.S
52 KB (3,291 words) - 03:08, 30 July 2020
corolla rotate, cupulate, campanulate, salverform, or funnelform; stamens (2–) 3–5, with 4 mostly connate in pairs, appearing as only (1–) 3 stamens; anthers
19 KB (877 words) - 11:15, 30 July 2020
cuneate, mostly 5–15 mm, usually lobed or toothed distally, heads disciform, involucres hemispheric or broader (2–3+ mm diam.), phyllaries in 2–4 series, pistillate
23 KB (1,089 words) - 20:43, 29 July 2020
hypogynous; hypanthium absent; sepals 0 or 2–12, distinct or connate basally to most of length; petals 0 or (3–) 5 (–6), distinct or connate; nectary present
24 KB (1,347 words) - 18:25, 29 July 2020
or ligulate; stamens (1 or) 2–4 or 5, adnate to corolla or free, didynamous or equal, staminodes 0 or 1 (–3); pistil 1, 2-carpellate (1 in Hippuris), ovary
26 KB (1,000 words) - 19:24, 29 July 2020
8–20 (–26) mm diam.; epicalyx bractlets (4 or) 5 (–10); hypanthium patelliform to cupulate, rarely turbinate, 0.5–2.5 (–5) × (1.5–) 2–7 (–10) mm; sepals (4
31 KB (1,939 words) - 13:53, 30 July 2020
filaments 0–1 mm, filaments of 2 anterior stamens often with nectaries protruding into spur, anther dehiscence by longitudinal slits; pistil 1, [2–] 3 [–5]
13 KB (963 words) - 11:16, 30 July 2020
longer than achene, seldom smooth; stamens 2–3; styles undivided or shallowly 2-fid, or deeply cleft into 2 (–3) linear stigmatic branches; style base
38 KB (1,253 words) - 01:40, 30 July 2020
or curled, sometimes borne between 2 minute teeth; paleas shorter than or equal to the lemmas, 2-veined; anthers (1-2) 3, purple, orange, yellow, or olivaceous
42 KB (1,621 words) - 04:38, 30 July 2020
or eciliate, auriculate, auricles prominent or not; upper 2 and lateral 2 petals showy, 5+ mm, lowest petal showy, not narrowed at middle of limb; lateral
39 KB (2,374 words) - 11:16, 30 July 2020
longitudinally bowed-out by the caryopses, 2-keeled, keels usually ciliate, intercostal region membranous or hyaline; anthers 2-3; ovaries glabrous; styles free
33 KB (1,388 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
abaxial lobes 3, adaxial 2; stamens 4, adnate proximal to middle of corolla, didynamous, filaments glabrous or hairy, staminode 0; ovary 2-locular, placentation
49 KB (1,607 words) - 18:59, 29 July 2020
absent or round and smooth, tomentose to floccose or glabrous; bracts usually 2–10 sometimes more, scalelike, semileaflike, or leaflike. Peduncles absent (or
24 KB (947 words) - 10:41, 30 July 2020
beyond the base of the distal floret in spikelets with 2-6 florets, prolongation hairy, hairs 2-3 mm; disarticulation above the glumes and beneath the florets
18 KB (1,356 words) - 02:45, 30 July 2020
sometimes 2-locular proximally (Vaccaria), or 3–5-locular (some Silene); styles 2–3 (–5) (absent in staminate flowers), distinct; stigmas 2–3 (–5) (absent
11 KB (721 words) - 10:22, 30 July 2020
Involucres campanulate to cylindric, 5–12 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, usually 8, 13, or 21 (–30+) in 1–2 series, erect (reflexed in fruit), distinct
40 KB (1,171 words) - 21:16, 29 July 2020
Tubercles less than 2/3 as high and wide as achene, usually without vertical rows of depressions; floral scales 1.5–2(–2.5) mm wide, (2–)3–5 per mm of rachilla;
37 KB (456 words) - 02:15, 30 July 2020
acute, often awned, sometimes bidentate, teeth to 0.2 mm, sometimes with bristles, bristles to 10 mm, awns terminal or from the sinus, straight or arcuately
45 KB (3,070 words) - 03:00, 30 July 2020
June to fall, usually partially or totally cleistogamous. Spikelets 0.8-5.2 mm, not subtended by bristles, dorsally compressed, surfaces unequally convex
26 KB (1,343 words) - 04:00, 30 July 2020
campanulate, cylindric, hemispheric, obconic, or turbinate, (4–19+ ×) 2–18 mm. Phyllaries 8–60 in 2–7 series (often in vertical ranks), 1-nerved (midnerves obscure
23 KB (1,156 words) - 22:11, 29 July 2020
1977[1978]. The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae. 2 vols. London, New York, and San Francisco. Vol. 2, pp. 621–671. Turner, B. L. and M. C. Johnston. 1957
30 KB (1,803 words) - 22:30, 29 July 2020
filiform leaves (2–7 cm), notably small heads in corymbiform arrays, ± 13 phyllaries 3–4 mm, and 7–8 ray florets with corolla laminae 2–3 mm. G. L. Nesom (pers
30 KB (1,295 words) - 21:10, 29 July 2020
Involucres 1–6+ per node, 3–6-ribbed, tubular, cylindric to urceolate or turbinate to campanulate; teeth 3, 5, or 6, awn-tipped. Flowers bisexual, 1 (–2) per involucre
23 KB (1,142 words) - 10:54, 30 July 2020
epaleate. Ray-florets (0–) 2–15 (–24), pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow, rarely white (usually glabrous). Disc-florets 2–35 (–60), bisexual, fertile;
18 KB (1,000 words) - 21:32, 29 July 2020
, eds. 1977[1978]. The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae. 2 vols. London. Vol. 2, pp. 999–1015. Garcia-Jacas, N., A. Susanna, T. Garnatje, and R
15 KB (836 words) - 20:05, 29 July 2020
usually 1–2 times diams.), glabrous or hairy (faces and/or angles); pappi 0, or (often readily falling or fragile, sometimes persistent) usually of (1–) 2 (–8+)
10 KB (633 words) - 23:14, 29 July 2020
Leaves: basal rosette present, not persistent, proximalmost internodes to 10+ mm; blade without broad basal lobes, margins entire, toothed, pinnate, or pinnatisect
20 KB (775 words) - 18:32, 29 July 2020
1.8-4 mm > 28 27 Anthers oval, oblong, oblong-oval, or ovate-oblong, 0.2-2 mm > 33 28 Hypanthia 4-7 mm, sepals 7-10 mm > 29 28 Hypanthia 2-3.5 mm (1/4-1/3
23 KB (1,464 words) - 13:16, 30 July 2020
Die nordamerikanischen Arten der Gattung Cirsium. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 223–567. Cirsium altissimum, Cirsium andersonii, Cirsium andrewsii, Cirsium
60 KB (2,205 words) - 13:43, 10 February 2021