pliable, leafy), persistently canescent to glabrescent. Leaves deciduous, whitish gray or green to dark gray-green; blades narrowly elliptic to lanceolate
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unequal, bases indurate to herbaceous, apices herbaceous, margins sometimes scarious, faces glabrous or moderately to densely hairy, sometimes stipitate-glandular
13 KB (947 words) - 22:25, 29 July 2020
chartaceous to membranous proximally, membranous or foliaceous distally, margins scarious proximally, faces glabrous or hairy, sometimes stipitate-glandular or gland-dotted
16 KB (980 words) - 21:51, 29 July 2020
and discs or subtending ± all disc-florets, distinct, phyllary-like, more scarious). Ray-florets 0 or 3–27, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow, cream, white
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ovate, subequal, margins and apices (usually colorless, sometimes brownish) scarious. Receptacles flat to hemispheric or conic, epaleate. Ray-florets 0 (peripheral
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greenish, lanceolate to awl-shaped, 1.5–4 mm, herbaceous, margins whitish, scarious, apex acute to blunt or obtuse; petals absent; nectariferous disc at
9 KB (568 words) - 10:22, 30 July 2020
Mentioned on page 188. Shrubs, 10–120 cm; with woody, branched caudices, bark whitish tan, becoming gray, flaky and fibrous with age. Stems ascending, green,
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(margins interlocking), lance-linear to lanceolate or oblong, equal, margins ± scarious (abaxial faces usually arachnose, floccose, lanate, tomentose, or villous
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keeled), lanceolate to deltate, unequal, pliable to rigid, margins narrowly scarious, dark green zone restricted to narrow bands along midnerves, apices rounded
10 KB (712 words) - 21:58, 29 July 2020
unequal, margins scarious, apices obtuse to acute. Receptacles flat, pitted, glabrous, epaleate. Florets 30–100+; corollas whitish to yellow or purplish
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convex), narrowly elliptic to linear-lanceolate, unequal to equal, margins scarious or not, faces hairy or glabrous, sometimes glandular. Receptacles flat
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to elliptic or ovate, often keeled, 1–2.5 mm, herbaceous, margins white, scarious, apex acute, ± hooded, ± awned; petals often fugacious, 5, white, blade
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distinct, lanceolate or lance-linear to linear (± navicular), equal, margins ± scarious. Receptacles flat, alveolate (margins of sockets raggedly toothed), epaleate
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disc-florets, outer herbaceous, inner scarious). Ray-florets (2–) 3–5 (–8), pistillate, fertile; corollas whitish (nerved with purple abaxially). Disc-florets
7 KB (561 words) - 23:37, 29 July 2020
lanceolate, spatulate, or ovate, 0.4–4.5 mm, margins translucent to white, scarious or papery, apex defined by a usually prominent adaxial hood, ascending
21 KB (1,113 words) - 10:32, 30 July 2020
more herbaceous, the inner often scarious). Receptacles convex to conic, paleate (paleae ± persistent, lance-linear, scarious, weakly conduplicate, often apically
7 KB (515 words) - 23:22, 29 July 2020
subequal to unequal (reflexed in fruit), margins usually little, if at all, scarious, apices obtuse to acute or acuminate. Receptacles flat, pitted, glabrous
26 KB (1,108 words) - 20:14, 29 July 2020
erect, distinct, oblanceolate or lanceolate to lance-linear, equal, margins scarious (apices cucullate, faces glabrous). Receptacles flat (sometimes with central
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Cataphylls 1–3. Leaves basal, 1–2 (–3); auricles whitish or purplish tinged, 0.2–0.4 (–0.6) mm, scarious; blade flat, 5–15 cm × 0.5–1.1 mm, margins entire
7 KB (447 words) - 01:01, 30 July 2020
North America Association Inflorescences 4–13 cm; bracts 5–11 × 2–8 mm, scarious at maturity. Flowers: sepals 1.5–10 × 0.5–4 mm; corolla 5–10 mm, lobes
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lanceolate to linear, unequal, herbaceous to ± cartilaginous, margins scarious, apices (slightly spreading to nearly squarrose) some or all bearing a
7 KB (499 words) - 20:57, 29 July 2020
0. Pistillate florets 5; corollas whitish, tubular, or 0. Functionally staminate florets 5–10 (–20+); corollas whitish, funnelform, lobes 5, erect (filaments
6 KB (501 words) - 23:26, 29 July 2020
(spreading in age), distinct, lance-linear to linear, equal, margins ± scarious (abaxial faces ± hirsute). Receptacles flat or convex, smooth or ± foveolate
7 KB (454 words) - 21:24, 29 July 2020
5 herbaceous, inner 0 or scarious to membranous. Receptacles convex, epaleate. Pistillate florets 0 or 3–5; corollas whitish, tubular, or 0. Functionally
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subequal, margins and apices (pale to dark-brown or black) narrowly to widely scarious (abaxial faces glabrous). Receptacles convex to conic (± solid), epaleate
10 KB (898 words) - 20:53, 29 July 2020
8–30 cm; taproots stout, caudices woody. Stems erect (green, becoming whitish tan with age), simple, glabrous or scabridulous, often resin-coated. Leaves
9 KB (701 words) - 21:44, 29 July 2020
scaly, spineless; scales 1–20 (–34 in some E. johnsonii), broad, margins scarious, axils naked (or minutely hairy in E. johnsonii); stigma lobes red, brown
11 KB (859 words) - 09:22, 30 July 2020
(apices rounded, obtuse, or acute); inner linear to narrowly oblong, margins scarious, fimbriate (apices acute to acuminate, sometimes reflexed), faces sometimes
11 KB (846 words) - 21:45, 29 July 2020
umbellate, terminal, bracteate; bracts several, white or greenish white, scarious. Flowers: perianth subrotate, narrowly oblong; tepals 6, spreading, mostly
7 KB (403 words) - 06:02, 30 July 2020
forms, many-flowered. Flowers bisexual; tepals 3–5, distinct, membranous or scarious, usually glabrous; filaments connate basally into cups; anthers 4-locular;
6 KB (285 words) - 09:40, 30 July 2020
1–2 series (obovate to oblanceolate, subequal, thin-herbaceous, margins scarious, sometimes purplish). Receptacles concave to convex, knobby or smooth (sometimes
7 KB (567 words) - 00:02, 30 July 2020
spreading to ascending or erect. Flowers: calyx lobes: entire or erose, ± scarious, glabrous or sparsely glandular or glandular-pubescent; corolla red, scarlet
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branches decumbent, bark tan to gray, flaky with age. Stems green, becoming whitish tan, ± ridged from leaf-bases, densely puberulent. Leaves erect or closely
6 KB (568 words) - 21:46, 29 July 2020
spirally arranged, green, sometimes whitish veined, glabrous; sheath inflated, enclosing stem, 5–12 mm, scarious; petiole distinct, 3–8 mm; blade lanceolate
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keels sometimes pronounced in fruit) margins green to yellowish, often scarious, apices acute to acuminate, abaxial faces glabrous, tomentose, or setose
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oblong, unequal (herbaceous to scarious, becoming indurate). Receptacles flat, epaleate. Florets 8–14; corollas whitish, throats narrowly cylindric (lengths
6 KB (413 words) - 22:51, 29 July 2020
Phyllaries persistent, 10–12+ in 2+ series, distinct, outer 5 herbaceous, inner scarious to membranous. Receptacles hemispheric; paleae spatulate to linear, membranous
6 KB (486 words) - 23:30, 29 July 2020
persistent, 10–15+ in 2–3 series, distinct, outer 5–7 herbaceous, inner scarious to membranous (± villous). Receptacles convex; paleae spatulate to cuneiform
6 KB (487 words) - 23:27, 29 July 2020
Leaves mostly basal; sheaths compressed-keeled, closed, glabrous, margins scarious; ligules 1-3.5 mm, membranous, lanceolate; blades 1-12 cm long, 0.7-2 mm
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Pistillate scales brown, with green or whitish, 3-veined midrib. Staminate scales brown, ovate-elliptic, margins scarious, apex obtuse or apiculate. Anthers
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Pedicels erect. Flowers: sepals connate proximally into tube, 9–17 cm, tube whitish green, 5-veined, cylindric to ovoid, 5-angled or winged, especially in fruit
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ascending or erect. Flowers: calyx lobes: margins entire, erose, or lacerate, ± scarious, sometimes herbaceous, glandular-pubescent or glabrous, rarely glabrescent
36 KB (1,140 words) - 19:13, 29 July 2020
unequal, margins and apices (usually light to dark-brown, sometimes purple) scarious (abaxial faces glabrous or ± arachnose, glabrescent). Receptacles convex
6 KB (481 words) - 20:44, 29 July 2020
constricted at bases of appendages), midnerves usually inconspicuous, (margins scarious, entire or minutely lacerate) apices acute to acuminate or cuspidate, abaxial
7 KB (601 words) - 22:16, 29 July 2020
glabrous; cauline leaves conspicuously connate basally, forming shallow, scarious cup, blade linear, fleshy, apex apiculate, glabrous; proximal blades 6–15
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serrate to serrulate or denticulate, rarely entire, abaxial faces densely whitish-tomentose [puberulent or glabrescent], adaxial (green) glabrous or glabrescent
8 KB (503 words) - 20:42, 29 July 2020
obovate, 1.2–2.8 mm (excluding awns), indurate, herbaceous, margins whitish, scarious, apex spinose, prominently hooded, awned, hoods projecting inward and
8 KB (521 words) - 10:52, 30 July 2020
herbaceous [sometimes fleshy], margins and/or apices sometimes notably scarious (at least inner; sometimes prickly-ciliate). Receptacles flat to conic
10 KB (639 words) - 20:03, 29 July 2020
mostly oblong to lanceolate or linear, subequal or equal, margins usually scarious. Receptacles flat to convex, foveolate, epaleate. Ray-florets usually ±
30 KB (1,295 words) - 21:10, 29 July 2020
1 series, lance-linear to linear, subequal, margins little, if at all, scarious, apices acuminate. Receptacles flat, pitted, glabrous, epaleate. Florets
7 KB (474 words) - 20:17, 29 July 2020