herbaceous). Florets [6–] 15–40 [–75]; corollas white or purple to blue, lavender, or reddish, throats cylindric (lengths 3–4 times diams.); styles: bases
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lobes lanceolate; corolla brownish yellow, pale-yellow, or cream, purple or reddish brown-lined, 10–15 mm, tube plus distinct throat 7–11 mm, longer than
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Mentioned on page 453. Plants 5–70 cm. Stems erect, green, tan, or reddish to dark-brown, usually glabrous or villous, rarely tomentose. Leaves: basal withering
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blotch, overall often fading reddish, sinuses ± equaling laminae). Disc-florets 3–10, bisexual, fertile; corollas usually wholly white, sometimes lobes
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7 mm, lobes usually pink to purple (pollen usually white, rarely lemon yellow). Cypselae tan or bicolored, 2.5–5 mm, faces ± smooth, usually glabrous; pappi
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, rims 0.5–1 mm wide, hypanthial disc absent. Hips dull red to dark reddish purple, subglobose or cupulate, 5–13 (–18) × 5–16 (–18) mm, hard, leathery
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of North America Association Shrubs or trees 1–5 m; stems usually arising singly. Twigs reddish, glabrate, lenticels elliptic, pith tan; bark striate. Leaves:
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Flowers: sepals, petals, and nectary deep blue to bluish purple. Capsules 4–6 mm wide, lobed; valves usually smooth, sometimes rugulose or crested distal to middle
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America Association Shrubs, erect, rarely trailing, usually tufted, 2–4 (–8) dm. Twigs pale reddish to purplish, becoming gray to dark gray, puberulent
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erect or recurved, showy; perianth mostly yellow, infrequently whitish or reddish, funnelform to tubular; tepals 6, connate basally into tube atop a typically
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rarely white on both surfaces, all petals usually with yellow patch basally, lower 3 usually purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 5.5–20 mm, spur white
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acuminate. Inflorescences 1–8.5 × 2–5 cm; bracts proximally greenish or deep reddish purple, distally burnt orange, sometimes yellow or deep red to deep burgundy
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630, 631, 632. Shrubs or trees, 5–70 (–100) dm, usually main trunk dominant. Stems: trunk bark usually dark-brown to dark gray or black, sometimes ashy
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or 2 years, globose to ovoid and berrylike, 3–20 mm, remaining closed, usually glaucous; scales persistent, 1–3 pairs, peltate, tightly coalesced, thick
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near apex, usually 7–25 cm; tepals lanceolate to oblanceolate, apiculate to attenuate; outer tepals greenish, usually tinged with red, purple, brown, or
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1-1.7 mm, usually broader than the lower glumes; lemmas 1-2.2 mm, ovatelanceolate, hyaline to membranous, grayish-green proximally, reddish-purple distally
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sepals distinct, usually mixture of white, green, tan, red, or purple, proximally touching valvately and forming well-de tube, externally usually villous, inner
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cuneate, margins usually entire, usually plane, slightly undulate, or crispate, rarely undulate-erose, apex acute, obtuse, or emarginate, usually mucronulate
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yellowbrown felty covering. Culms reddish purple at base. Leaves: basal sheaths sometimes fibrous; sheath fronts reddish or green, veined, herbaceous; blades
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Volume 3. Stems (10-) 40-80 (-110) cm; base reddish, puberulent. Leaves variably distributed; green leaves usually absent on proximal 1/5 of stem at anthesis;
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