tomentose; e Texas to North Carolina. Quercus incana 12 Leaf margins entire or merely spinose. > 13 12 Leaf margins shallowly or deeply lobed, not merely
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vertical. Basal leaves 1-5, ternate; petiole 5-35 cm; terminal leaflet sessile or nearly so, oblanceolate to obovate, 2-9 (-12) × 2-5 (-7) cm, base cuneate
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trunk to 1.5m diam.; crown broadly conic. Bark brownish, scaly and fissured. Twigs yellowbrown, densely pubescent. Buds ovoid, 1.5–2.5mm. Leaves (5–) 15–20
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9-15 × 5-10 mm, spur 12-20 mm; petals whitish to bluish, lateral lobes 3-5 mm, terminal lobe 3-4 × 1-2 mm, sinus 0.1-0.5 mm. Follicles 10-15 mm, pubescent
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unspurred outer petal bent, 12-15 mm, crest similar to that of spurred petal; inner petals oblanceolate, 9-12 mm, claw slender, nearly 1/2 petal length; nectariferous
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appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 3. Mentioned on page 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 70. Annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, shrubs
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native in the flora area, 616 (418 endemic) grow in the United States, 140 (12 endemic) in Canada, and 31 (1 endemic) in Greenland. The latest comprehensive
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Vesicariae, Carex sect. Vulpinae Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 972. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 420. 1754. Peter W. Ball, A. A. Reznicek Common names: Carex laîche Treatment
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sometimes borne singly. Calyculi 0. Phyllaries persistent or falling, usually in 3–5+ series (usually in spirals, sometimes in vertical ranks), distinct, unequal
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convex, pitted, epaleate. Ray-florets (8–) 12–35 (–75+); usually in 1 series, in 2–5 series, rarely in 4–5+ series in S. frondosum, pistillate, fertile;
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Taxa Laportea aestuans, Laportea canadensis Gaudichaud Beaupré Voy. Uranie 12: 498. 1830, name conserved. David E. Boufford Etymology: For F.L. de Laporte
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Mentioned on page 3, 9, 11, 12, 14, 17, 36, 204, 257, 334. Annuals, biennials, or perennials [subshrubs, shrubs, trees], (0.5–) 2–90 (–100) cm (taprooted
97 KB (2,063 words) - 21:58, 29 July 2020
Seed-cones cylindric, (5–) 6–7 (–12) × 3–3.5cm, light green, dark blue, deep purple, or gray, sessile, apex rounded; scales ca. 2–2.5 × 2–2.5cm, densely pubescent;
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be placed in 12 tribes, noting molecular support for at least six of them. Species in the flora area are distributed among nine of the 12 tribes: Angelonieae
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glumes and beneath the florets, sometimes below the glumes. Spikelets 0.7-50 mm, laterally compressed, sometimes weakly so, sometimes viviparous, usually
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1-3-veined or 7-13-veined, rarely 5-veined, if with 7-13 veins, the veins often in 3 groups; lodicules 2, or absent, x = 7, 8, 9, 10, 12. Most members of the Cynodonteae
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(3–) 5–9 (–11) mm. Flowers: sepals ascending, oblong to oblong-linear, (3–) 4–7 × (0.8–) 12 mm; petals spatulate, (6–) 8–12 × (1.5–) 2–4 mm, claw 2–5 mm;
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to purplish, not yellow, not 2-lipped (sometimes ± zygomorphic), lobes (4–) 5, usually ± deltate to lanceovate, sometimes lanceolate to lance-linear; anther
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Opuntioideae), pyriform, obovoid, lenticular-reniform, or nearly circular, 0.4–12 mm diam.; testa glossy or dull; rarely with corky arillate appendages (strophioles
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covered by the coleorhiza (root sheath); hila punctate to linear. x = 5,6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12. The Poaceae or grass family includes approximately 700 genera and
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pyramidal, irregularly oblong-ovoid, or trapezoidal, shiny, wings absent. x = 12. North America, Mexico, Central America, South America, n Eurasia, in West
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incertus). > 12 12 Staminodes glabrous; pollen sacs parallel to divergent, sutures denticulate, teeth to 0.2–0.3 mm. 26b.5. Penstemon sect. Chamaeleon 12 Staminodes
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(minutely reticulate), not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent. x = 6–12. North America, Mexico, South America (Andes), South America (Colombia to
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yellowbrown, finely pubescent. Buds ovoid, gray-brown, 2.5–3.5mm. Leaves (5–) 10–20 (–30) mm, mostly appearing 2-ranked, flattened; abaxial surface glaucous
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short, stout, sharp prickle. Seeds ellipsoid; body ca. 6mm, gray to nearly black; wing 12–16mm. 2n =24. Habitat: Uplands, dry forests Elevation: 200–610m
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spreading upon drying), 3–12 × 1.7–10 mm. Phyllaries 10–35 in 3–5 series, midnerves usually ± swollen and translucent, sometimes plus 2–5 secondary nerves (striate
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Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 4: 16. 1848 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 224. Mentioned on page 222, 223, 225, 264, 294, 327, 430
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stamens 4–5 mm, those of shorter ones 2–3 mm; anthers cream, 0.3–0.4 × 0.2–0.3 mm; ovary 8–18 mm, subglabrous to strigillose; style white, 2.5–3.5mm, stigma
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trichomes, 0.07–0.5mm, (some rays branched, appearing 2–12-rayed, midvein obscure abaxially). Cauline leaves (2 or) 3–10 (–13); sessile; blade ovate to oblong
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or absent; sepals usually persistent (deciduous in Abelmoschus), 5, ± connate; petals 5, usually distinct, adnate to staminal column and connate to each
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A new classification of the tribe Cichorieae, family Compositae. Madroño 12: 33–64. Tomb, A. S. 1974. Chromosome numbers and generic relationships in
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described species from Peru). Likewise, flowers vary in size from less than 1 mm and barely visible to the naked eye (Platystele Garay), to 15–20 cm diameter
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hypogynous; hypanthium absent; sepals 0 or 2–12, distinct or connate basally to most of length; petals 0 or (3–) 5 (–6), distinct or connate; nectary present
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Sida ulmifolia, Sida urens Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 683. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 306. 1754. Paul A. Fryxell†, Steven R. Hill Common names: Fanpetals wireweed
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(Brassicaceae) III: Additional sexual diploids and apomictic hybrids. Harvard Pap. Bot. 12: 235–257. Boechera acutina, Boechera arcuata, Boechera atrorubens, Boechera
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oblanceolate to cuneate, mostly 5–15 mm, usually lobed or toothed distally, heads disciform, involucres hemispheric or broader (2–3+ mm diam.), phyllaries in 2–4
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Seeds 1; testa thin, free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant. x = 5–ca. 100. Worldwide Genera ca. 100, species ca. 5000 (27 genera, 843 species
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fruit, 3-5 (-6), green or sometimes purple, yellow, or white, plane (base saccate in R. ficaria), oblong to elliptic, ovate, or lanceolate, 1-15 mm; petals
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 50. Mentioned on page 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 49. Herbs or shrubs, sometimes vines
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Mimulus in the broad sense. The species of Erythranthe have been divided into 12 sections (W. R. Barker et al. 2012), closely corresponding to the cladistic
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 82. Mentioned on page 5, 6, 8, 12, 95, 172, 176, 195. Annuals or perennials (sometimes coarse and/or robust
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compressed; auricles absent; ligules membranous, truncate to acuminate; blades 0.4-12 mm wide, flat, folded, or involute, adaxial surfaces with a groove on each side
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epigynous, 8–25 mm diam.; hypanthium ± obconic, constricted at disc except for opening, 2–6 mm wide; sepals 5, spreading, triangular; petals 5, white, sometimes
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exserted, flattened distally, 0.2–0.8 (–1.1) mm diam., tip straight to recurved, distal 5–60 (–90) % hairy, hairs to 3 mm, sometimes glabrous; style glabrous.
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Calyculi 0 or of 1–15+ bractlets. Phyllaries persistent or falling, usually in 3–5+ series, usually distinct (sometimes connate and forming hardened perigynia
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flowers with 3–5-parted calyx, ebracteate; stamens 3–5. Pistillate flowers lacking perianth, pistil naked, or in few species with (1–) 3–5-lobed perianth
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veins), 5–15 mm, blade 2–6 × 1–1.5 mm, not crisped, claw narrowly oblanceolate or oblong, 3–9 × 1–1.5 mm; filaments tetradynamous, median pairs 3–6 mm, lateral
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or (distally) linear-lanceolate to ovate or cordate, 2–12 cm, (segments 0.4–2.7 cm × 0.5–1.5mm), base not auriculate proximally, amplexicaul distally,
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1-locular or 3–5-locular; styles 3 or 5, occasionally 4 (absent in staminate flowers), filiform, 1.5–20 mm, glabrous proximally; stigmas 3 or 5, occasionally
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broadly ovate to suborbiculate, 1–8 (–12) cm, length 1.6–2 times width, coriaceous to thin, lobes 0 or 1–4 or 5 (–9), sinuses usually shallow, sometimes
28 KB (995 words) - 14:38, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 476. Mentioned on page 5, 12, 13, 110, 163, 265, 286, 377, 381, 468, 482, 491, 548, 562, 56. Plants usually
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or 3-5 locular, placentation free-central, basal, or axile in proximal half; ovules mostly campylotropous, bitegmic, crassinucellate; styles 1-5 (-6),
29 KB (1,113 words) - 10:14, 30 July 2020
Guy L. Nesom Common names: Buckthorn Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 43. Shrubs, trees, or woody vines, [herbs, annual or perennial]
16 KB (532 words) - 18:17, 29 July 2020
cylindric to obconic or campanulate, 5–12 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, (10–) 14–45 (–60) in 3–7 (–9) series, usually (4–) 5–6 (–16) -striate or nerved, linear
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(smooth), mucilaginous or not when wetted; cotyledons accumbent. x = 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15. North America, n Mexico, s South America (Argentina), s South
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symmetric; sepals not persistent in fruit, 5 (-9), white, occasionally tinged pinkish, plane, ovate to obovate, 3.5-15 mm; petals absent; stamens 9-75; filaments
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clawed, 2-12 mm, nectary absent; stamens 25-40; filaments with base expanded; staminodes absent between stamens and pistils; pistils 3 (-5), simple; ovules
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 384. Mentioned on page 5, 6, 12, 385, 461, 471. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs (often ± woolly
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to base (split to base in Tolmiea); sepals usually (4–) 5 (–6), distinct; petals usually (4–) 5 (–6) or absent, distinct, lobed or unlobed; nectary disc
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Torrey & A. Gray Fl. N. Amer. 1: 534. 1840 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 498. Mentioned on page 497, 518, 524, 525, 543. Herbs,
20 KB (775 words) - 18:32, 29 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 82. Mentioned on page 12, 13, 15, 57, 61, 75, 80, 81, 83, 84, 85, 92, 94, 96, 97, 98, 108, 110, 117
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tion" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.".5mm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.".8" is
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Inflorescences spikes, usually exserted, with 1-3 (5) spikelets per node, internodes (1.5) 2-26 mm; rachises with scabridulous, scabrous, or ciliate edges
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usually prismatic, sometimes cylindric, ellipsoid, obconic, or turbinate, 5–12-ribbed, faces glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy, sometimes gland-dotted;
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hypogynous; sepals 5, connate (1/4–) 1/2+ their lengths into cup or tube, (1–) 5–40 (–62) mm, apex not hooded or awned; petals absent or 5, often showy, white
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Cardueae–Compositae) based on ITS and ETS rDNA sequence data. Molec. Ecol. 12: 141–151. Moore, R. J. and C. Frankton. 1969. Cytotaxonomy of some Cirsium
60 KB (2,205 words) - 13:43, 10 February 2021
usually glabrous, rarely hispidulous, with 1 to many spikelets. Spikelets 2-12 mm, subterete to strongly laterally compressed, sometimes bulbiferous; florets
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hirtellous-pilose (glabrous in L. oligocephala), usually glanddotted; pappi persistent, of 12–40 coarsely barbellate to plumose bristles in 1–2 series. x = 10. North America
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lavender, suborbicular to obovate, 3.5–6.5 × 1.5–3.5mm, narrowed to claw, 1.5–3 mm, apex rounded; anthers oblong, 0.5–0.7 mm. Fruits usually suberect, rarely
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than sepals; filaments 12–20 mm, anthers 7–12 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 43–58 mm, stigma usually slightly exserted beyond anthers or surrounded by
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or not; branches not spikelike, not disarticulating. Spikelets 1-27 mm long, 0.5-9 mm wide, laterally compressed, with (1) 2-60 florets; disarticulation
33 KB (1,388 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
plants with 0–11 (–22) basal leaves per caudex, acaulescent plants with 1–12 (–18) leaves per rhizome, prostrate to erect; stipules adnate to petiole or
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bisexual; hypanthium shallowly cupulate to hemispheric, less than 0.5 mm wide; sepals 5 (or (5–) 6 (–8) in C. jepsonii), usually incurved, sometimes becoming
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adaxial side, with persistent coma at chalazal end or coma absent. = 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19. North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America,
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length 1.5–3 times width. > 11 11 Flower buds fusiform, tip acute. Clarkia borealis 11 Flower buds narrowly obovoid, tip obtuse. > 12 12 Petal length 1.5–2 times
19 KB (745 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
1–2 series, usually distinct, equal to subequal, and herbaceous, rarely in 3–5+ series, distinct, unequal, and herbaceous to chartaceous (e.g., Lepidospartum)
23 KB (1,021 words) - 21:10, 29 July 2020
Flowers all bisexual or sometimes distalmost staminate; perianth absent or of 2–12 (–20) bristles, usually persistent in fruit, rarely deciduous, variously barbed
38 KB (1,253 words) - 01:40, 30 July 2020
membranous. Leaves generally withering from tip by anthesis, usually persistent, 1–12, basal; blade usually linear, terete, channeled, or flat (carinate in A. sativum
43 KB (1,553 words) - 05:48, 30 July 2020
cymiform, or subumbelliform arrays. Calyculi 0 or 1–5+ bractlets. Involucres campanulate to cylindric, 5–12 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, usually 8, 13, or
40 KB (1,171 words) - 21:16, 29 July 2020
embryonic leaf margins usually overlapping, rarely just meeting, x = 5, (7), 9, 10, (12), (14). The subfamily Panicoideae is most abundant in tropical and
17 KB (1,292 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
with 2–20+ spikes, 1–1.5 times as long as wide in fruit; proximal bracts scalelike or bristlelike, rarely leaflike, not more than 5 cm, not more than 2 times
57 KB (937 words) - 01:54, 30 July 2020
floral scales 1.5–2(–2.5) mm wide, (2–)3–5 per mm of rachilla; ranges various. > 20 20 Tubercles mostly wider than high, 0.15–0.3(–0.5) mm; achenes finely
37 KB (456 words) - 02:15, 30 July 2020
peduncular bracts, mostly 1/5–1/2+ times phyllaries), sometimes 0. Involucres mostly cylindric or turbinate to campanulate, 5–15 (–40) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent
30 KB (1,295 words) - 21:10, 29 July 2020
Succ., 159. 1812 Synonyms: Chamaesyce Gray Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 251. Mentioned on page 239, 260, 263, 274. Herbs, rarely
36 KB (819 words) - 18:21, 29 July 2020
shorter to longer than campanulate, cylindric, or funnelform throats, lobes (4–) 5, deltate to lanceolate (usually equal); anther thecae usually dark (collars
21 KB (800 words) - 22:59, 29 July 2020
cincinnate, less often simple). Pedicels present or absent. Flowers erect, (3–) 5–8 [–12] -merous; sepals distinct and spurred or slightly connate basally, (green)
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glabrous, scabrous, or with short hairs, 3-veined (occasionally appearing 5-veined), apices awned, mucronate, or unawned; awns, if present, straight, flexuous
42 KB (1,621 words) - 04:38, 30 July 2020
flattened distally, 0.2–1.3 mm diam., tip straight to recurved, distal 5–60 (–90) % hairy or papillate, hairs or papillae to 1.5 mm, rarely glabrous; style
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forming the sister group to Ericaceae. Monotropa and related genera (genera 5–12 of this treatment), and Pyrola and related genera (genera 1–4 of this treatment)
33 KB (1,383 words) - 13:10, 30 July 2020
blooming before or at leaf emergence, 4–40 mm diam.; hypanthium 1.5–8 mm, exterior glabrous or hairy; sepals 5, erect to reflexed, usually triangular, semicircular
43 KB (1,828 words) - 14:17, 30 July 2020
Pedicularis is 2n = 16. Two species are reported to have a diploid number of 2n = 12, and at least five species have a number of 2n = 14. See reviews in Jie C
19 KB (1,040 words) - 19:27, 29 July 2020
absent; sepals persistent after anthesis or tardily caducous, (3 or) 4 or 5 (–7), green, sometimes yellow or cream, often becoming flushed with red post-anthesis
30 KB (1,654 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
flowering branchlets (staminate 0-5 mm, to 9 mm in S. myricoides, pistillate 0-14 mm, to 35 mm in S. hookeriana) > 13 12 Flowering as leaves emerge (staminate
52 KB (888 words) - 11:54, 30 July 2020
phyllaries). Involucres hemispheric or campanulate to cylindric, 3–9 [–12+] mm diam. Phyllaries 5–21 (–40+) in 2+ series, lanceolate to linear, subequal to unequal
26 KB (1,108 words) - 20:14, 29 July 2020
corymbose, or solitary flowers. Flowers unisexual [bisexual]; sepals (4–) 5 (–6), sometimes vestigial (Cyclanthera), connate, calyx rotate, campanulate
19 KB (877 words) - 11:15, 30 July 2020
campanulate; teeth 5–10 or more, erect or lobelike and spreading to reflexed. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, attenuate at base, stipelike base 0.1–3 mm; perianth
24 KB (947 words) - 10:41, 30 July 2020
loosely cespitose, with or without rhizomes, occasionally stoloniferous. Culms 5-150 (275) cm, usually glabrous and smooth throughout, sometimes scabrous or
52 KB (3,291 words) - 03:08, 30 July 2020
glabrous, rarely pubescent; replum rounded; septum complete; ovules (10–) 12–120 per ovary; style distinct or obsolete; stigma entire or 2-lobed. Seeds
23 KB (1,011 words) - 12:00, 30 July 2020
Involucres narrowly cylindric or fusiform to turbinate or broadly campanulate, 1–12+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 3–21+ in 1–2 series (connate to 7/8+ their
11 KB (696 words) - 15:28, 15 December 2020
×arizonica, Agave ×glomeruliflora Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 323. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 150. 1754. James L. Reveal, Wendy C. Hodgson Common names: Century plant Etymology:
24 KB (1,110 words) - 06:12, 30 July 2020