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apices acute, usually slightly lobed or irregularly crenate; paleas usually shorter than or equaling the lemmas, sometimes slightly longer, keels winged

5-7 mm, glabrous, shiny, with a deep dorsal pit, tapering to a narrow, slightly bifid apex; awns 20-28 mm; anthers 0.5-1 mm. Pedicellate spikelets 2.5-3.5

beneath the florets or below the glumes. Spikelets 2.5-60 mm, not viviparous, slightly to strongly laterally compressed, with 1-30 florets, proximal florets bisexual

as the lemmas; lemmas pubescent Gastridium 37 Glumes from slightly shorter than to slightly longer than the lemmas; lemmas glabrous, sometimes scabridulous

or indurate, 3-5-veined, veins inconspicuous, apices entire, bilobed, or bifid, awned, lemma-awn junction usually conspicuous, awns 0.3-30 cm, not branched

to scabrous, margins hyaline, apex undifferentiated, acute to obtuse or bifid, margins of outer spathe usually connate basally. Flowers not fragrant, actinomorphic;

midvein, apices subulate, acute, acuminate, or obtuse, notched, minutely bifid, or toothed, teeth shorter than 1 mm, apices sometimes split and the teeth

mucronate or awned; lower glumes sometimes rudimentary or absent, occasionally bifid; upper glumes shorter than to longer than the florets; calluses poorly developed

styles 2. Fruiting structures: style bases at maturity forming characteristic bifid rostrum (“beak”) at apex of achenes [concealed by wing in some species],

nucellus scant; styles [1–] 4 (–5) [–8], variously connate [distinct], often bifid apically; stigmas [1–] 4 (–5) [–8], apical. Fruits usually baccate [rarely

as the lemma bodies, 2-veined, veins scabrous, apices obtuse, sometimes bifid; lodicules 2, glabrous or with a few hairs; anthers 3, their size depending

pale, or purplish, veins antrorsely scabrous, apices truncate, bilobed, or bifid, often mucronate; lowest lemmas cartilaginous, light to dark-brown, scabridulous

linear-lanceolate, obscurely 3-5-veined, keeled, sometimes slightly rounded at the base, apices entire or minutely bifid, unawned or awned, awns 0.2-0.5 mm, subterminal;

smooth or scabridulous, sometimes not prolonged. Glumes from slightly shorter than to slightly longer than the floret, 1-veined or 3-veined, margins hyaline

lemma in each spikelet (3) 6-20 mm; paleas usually slightly longer than the lemmas, apices minutely bifid, teeth 0.2-0.5 mm; anthers 0.7-3 mm. Caryopses 3

glumes slightly longer, usually glabrous, 5-veined, truncate; lower florets reduced to hyaline lemmas; upper florets bisexual, lemmas hyaline, bifid, awned

Greek dichelos, split hoof, and stemma, crown or garland, alluding to the bifid perianth appendages that form a corona Synonyms: Brevoortia Alph. Wood Brodiaea

in center, sometimes with darker markings at base, subequal, outer whorl slightly larger than inner, 16–25 × 6–9 mm; perianth-tube 12–15 mm; filaments 15–22

lowermost lemma in each spikelet 0.3-9 mm; paleas slightly shorter than the lemmas, apices entire or minutely bifid, teeth shorter than 0.2 mm; anthers 0.3-1.5

and pedicels stiff, straight, smooth and glabrous or almost so, sometimes slightly scabridulous, scabrules/hairs to 0.1 mm. Spikelets dimorphic, usually paired

virtually unlobed, surmounted by two tuberclelike stigmas, or shallowly bifid with the stigmatic branches rarely approaching 1 mm. Thus the stigmatic area

apical margins crenate to entire; paleas from slightly shorter than to exceeding the lemmas, apices bifid, teeth to 0.2 mm; anthers 3, 0.5-1.8 mm. Caryopses

to reddish [green], unequal, outer bract usually exceeding inner, inner bifid, firm textured. Flowers odorless, zygomorphic [actinomorphic]; tepals connate

self-supporting, erect or nodding, diffuse or pluricespitose, rarely solitary; nodes slightly swollen; supranodal ridge prominent; internodes strongly flattened for

sometimes bifid, often mucronate, unawned; paleas about as long as the lemmas, 2-veined; lodicules 2, free, lanceolate; anthers 3, only slightly exserted

awns 0.8-34 mm, straight, ascending to slightly divergent, sometimes violet-tinged; paleas equaling or slightly longer than the lemmas, membranous, scabrous

pubescent; lower glumes coriaceous, rounded, without keels, truncate to slightly bilobed; upper glumes narrower, shallowly keeled; lower florets sterile

tall; panicles 35-73 cm long, plumose; lemma margins pilose; lemma apices bifid, awned from between the teeth; awns about 3 mm long Neyraudia 56 Plants to

Glumes unequal, 1 (3) -veined; lemmas 1-3-veined, backs slightly keeled or rounded, apices lobed or bifid, mucronate or awned from between the lobes, lateral-veins

shorter than the sheaths, mostly glabrous, keels usually with hairs, apices bifid, teeth 1-3 mm; cleistogenes not developed. Sheaths open to the base, margins

rounded, crenulate; paleas from slightly shorter to slightly longer than the lemmas, keels winged distally, apices bifid, teeth about 0.2 mm; anthers 0

rounded, with hairs; lemmas chartaceous, slightly scabrous, 7-9-veined, veins parallel, conspicuous, apices scarious, bifid, awned from below the teeth, awns

keeled, acute to awned, awns to 4.5 mm; paleas from slightly shorter than to exceeding the lemmas, bifid; anthers 3, 3-5 mm, yellow. Caryopses usually falling

Glyceria elata 1 Spikelets cylindrical and terete, except at anthesis when slightly laterally compressed, lengths more than 5 times widths, rectangular in

the florets; callus hairs 2-6 mm; lemmas 8-12 mm, apices shortly bifid, midveins slightly excurrent; anthers 4-7 mm. 2n = 14, 28, 56. Generated Map Legacy

Spikelets 20-45 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, cylindrical and terete except slightly laterally compressed at anthesis, rectangular in side view, with 5-12 florets

apices usually emarginate or bifid, varying to rounded or acuminate, unawned, mucronate, or awned from the sinus or slightly below; paleas subequal to the

the lemmas, geniculate; paleas subequal to the lemmas, hyaline, 2-veined, bifid; lodicules 2, membranous, glabrous, entire, unlobed; anthers 3; ovaries glabrous

veins scabrous, margins narrow, widest distally, apices acute, sometimes bifid, awned, awns 2-8 mm, straight or divergent; lemmas scabrous or smooth, apices

2–6-flowered; spathes 6–8 (–13) mm, outer slightly larger than inner, becoming membranous above, apex often dark-brown, bifid. Flowers unscented, hypocrateriform;

hyaline, 1-veined; calluses pilose; lemmas 3-5 (7) -veined, long-acuminate, bifid and awned or entire and mucronate; lemmas of pistillate and bisexual florets

branches usually shorter than the spikelets, rigid, ascending to slightly spreading, slightly curved or straight. Spikelets 20-50 mm, lanceolate, terete to

barely developed. Spikelets appressed to slightly divergent from the axillary pulvini. Glumes subequal, apices bifid, awned from the sinuses; lower glumes

the midvein, glabrous, coriaceous, margins slightly angled, inrolled or not at maturity, apices acute, bifid, teeth shorter than 1 mm; awns 6-11 mm, straight

Spikelets (15) 18-39 mm long, 1.7-3.3 mm wide, cylindrical and terete, except slightly laterally compressed at anthesis, rectangular in side view, with 8-16 florets

long, 0.8-2.5 mm wide, cylindrical and terete, except at anthesis when slightly laterally compressed, rectangular in side view, with 8-12 florets. Glumes

Spikelets 11-24 mm long, 1.3-3 mm wide, cylindrical and terete, except slightly laterally compressed at anthesis, rectangular in side view, with 8-15 florets

Spikelets 2.6-3 mm; florets 2-3. Lower glumes to 2.2 mm, apices obtuse or bifid; upper glumes 2.2-2.8 mm, narrowly oblong, apices bilobed, lobes usually

hyaline margins, apices bifid, teeth to about 0.5 mm, awned, awns 2-6 mm, arising from above midlength and exceeding the apices, slightly bent; anthers 1-1.5

branches sometimes longer than the spikelets, slender, usually ascending, slightly curved or straight. Spikelets 12-20 mm, lanceolate, terete to moderately

(4) m tall, 3-5 mm thick, clumped. Sheaths usually glabrous, occasionally slightly pilose; ligules ciliate; blades 30-75 (120) cm long, 9-35 (45) mm wide

scabrous. Panicles 13-20 cm, narrow, moderately dense, nodding, pale green, slightly tinged with purple; branches loosely ascending, naked below for 1-2 cm

decumbent; nodes glabrous. Sheaths smooth; ligules 1-3.5 mm, truncate or slightly higher in the center, often lacerate; blades 8-15 (24) cm long, 2.5-7 mm

of the lemmas, occasionally subapical, straight to strongly geniculate, slightly to strongly twisted proximally, straight distally; paleas shorter than

mm; perianth appendages each coalescent to inner and outer tepal, arching slightly inward (but outward distally) toward anthers, forming corona, erect, white

variable in same spike, straw-colored to medium brown, filiform, simple to bifid or sometimes cuneate and irregularly branched, to 6 × 0.1 mm; pistillate

apices obtuse, somewhat bifid; calluses sparsely hirsute; lemmas 1.7-2.5 mm, acute, erose-ciliate; upper lemmas shallowly bifid, awns 1-2 mm, often purple-tipped

apices, acute; callus hairs about 0.5 mm; lemmas 5-7 mm, glabrous, apices bifid, teeth to 2.5 (3.2) mm, setaceous, awned, awns 7-14 mm, usually arising on

blades linear to lance-linear, 8–21 × 0.2–1.2 cm, bases ± attenuate, margins slightly serrulate to subentire (flat), abaxial faces glabrate, glanddotted. Heads

(–60), yellowish green to brown, translucent, elliptic to ovoid, reniform, slightly laterally compressed, muriculate, marginal wing absent, appendage absent

internodes hispidulous or glabrous below the nodes. Sheaths from slightly shorter to slightly longer than the internodes, rounded to somewhat flattened but

cm wide, open, nodding; branches spreading to ascending; lower branches slightly drooping, often secund after anthesis, not sinuous. Spikelets 10-20 mm

5-37.3 cm long, 35-50 mm wide, fully exerted from the sheaths, erect to slightly arching, white (sometimes purplish-tinged); rachises terete, pubescent

branches sometimes longer than the spikelets, ascending-spreading, flexuous, slightly curved, usually with 1 spikelet. Spikelets 15-70 mm, broadly oblong or

sometimes scabridulous, apices acute, entire or minutely bifid; awns 4-8 mm, straight or slightly spreading, arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices;

elaborately branched panicles. In most sections of subg. Vignea, the styles were bifid and the inflorescence branches lacked prophylls. In subg. Carex (subg. Eucarex)

horizontal or erect; perianth bluish purple, tube unangled, narrowly ovoid, slightly constricted above ovary, 8–10 mm, lobes ascending, 8–10 mm; perianth appendages

stigmas interpreted as being capitate (the capitate form is derived from a bifid structure), and sect. Dilopha Moquin-Tandon, with penicillate stigmas. Section

pungens (Vahl) Palla var. pungens has brown to straw-colored spikelet scales, bifid styles, and lenticular achenes. It is the only variety that occurs in Europe

shorter than petals. Capsules ovoid, constricted at mouth, equaling or slightly longer than calyx-tube, opening by 6 recurved teeth; carpophore 1–3 mm

the upper glumes, sometimes missing; upper glumes varying from slightly shorter to slightly longer than the upper lemmas; upper lemmas well-developed, usually