tomentose; e Texas to North Carolina. Quercus incana 12 Leaf margins entire or merely spinose. > 13 12 Leaf margins shallowly or deeply lobed, not merely
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vertical. Basal leaves 1-5, ternate; petiole 5-35 cm; terminal leaflet sessile or nearly so, oblanceolate to obovate, 2-9 (-12) × 2-5 (-7) cm, base cuneate
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trunk to 1.5m diam.; crown broadly conic. Bark brownish, scaly and fissured. Twigs yellowbrown, densely pubescent. Buds ovoid, 1.5–2.5mm. Leaves (5–) 15–20
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9-15 × 5-10 mm, spur 12-20 mm; petals whitish to bluish, lateral lobes 3-5 mm, terminal lobe 3-4 × 1-2 mm, sinus 0.1-0.5 mm. Follicles 10-15 mm, pubescent
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unspurred outer petal bent, 12-15 mm, crest similar to that of spurred petal; inner petals oblanceolate, 9-12 mm, claw slender, nearly 1/2 petal length; nectariferous
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appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 3. Mentioned on page 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 70. Annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, shrubs
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native in the flora area, 616 (418 endemic) grow in the United States, 140 (12 endemic) in Canada, and 31 (1 endemic) in Greenland. The latest comprehensive
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Vesicariae, Carex sect. Vulpinae Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 972. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 420. 1754. Peter W. Ball, A. A. Reznicek Common names: Carex laîche Treatment
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sometimes borne singly. Calyculi 0. Phyllaries persistent or falling, usually in 3–5+ series (usually in spirals, sometimes in vertical ranks), distinct, unequal
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convex, pitted, epaleate. Ray-florets (8–) 12–35 (–75+); usually in 1 series, in 2–5 series, rarely in 4–5+ series in S. frondosum, pistillate, fertile;
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Taxa Laportea aestuans, Laportea canadensis Gaudichaud Beaupré Voy. Uranie 12: 498. 1830, name conserved. David E. Boufford Etymology: For F.L. de Laporte
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Mentioned on page 3, 9, 11, 12, 14, 17, 36, 204, 257, 334. Annuals, biennials, or perennials [subshrubs, shrubs, trees], (0.5–) 2–90 (–100) cm (taprooted
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Seed-cones cylindric, (5–) 6–7 (–12) × 3–3.5cm, light green, dark blue, deep purple, or gray, sessile, apex rounded; scales ca. 2–2.5 × 2–2.5cm, densely pubescent;
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be placed in 12 tribes, noting molecular support for at least six of them. Species in the flora area are distributed among nine of the 12 tribes: Angelonieae
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glumes and beneath the florets, sometimes below the glumes. Spikelets 0.7-50 mm, laterally compressed, sometimes weakly so, sometimes viviparous, usually
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1-3-veined or 7-13-veined, rarely 5-veined, if with 7-13 veins, the veins often in 3 groups; lodicules 2, or absent, x = 7, 8, 9, 10, 12. Most members of the Cynodonteae
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(3–) 5–9 (–11) mm. Flowers: sepals ascending, oblong to oblong-linear, (3–) 4–7 × (0.8–) 12 mm; petals spatulate, (6–) 8–12 × (1.5–) 2–4 mm, claw 2–5 mm;
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to purplish, not yellow, not 2-lipped (sometimes ± zygomorphic), lobes (4–) 5, usually ± deltate to lanceovate, sometimes lanceolate to lance-linear; anther
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Opuntioideae), pyriform, obovoid, lenticular-reniform, or nearly circular, 0.4–12 mm diam.; testa glossy or dull; rarely with corky arillate appendages (strophioles
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covered by the coleorhiza (root sheath); hila punctate to linear. x = 5,6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12. The Poaceae or grass family includes approximately 700 genera and
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pyramidal, irregularly oblong-ovoid, or trapezoidal, shiny, wings absent. x = 12. North America, Mexico, Central America, South America, n Eurasia, in West
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incertus). > 12 12 Staminodes glabrous; pollen sacs parallel to divergent, sutures denticulate, teeth to 0.2–0.3 mm. 26b.5. Penstemon sect. Chamaeleon 12 Staminodes
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(minutely reticulate), not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent. x = 6–12. North America, Mexico, South America (Andes), South America (Colombia to
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yellowbrown, finely pubescent. Buds ovoid, gray-brown, 2.5–3.5mm. Leaves (5–) 10–20 (–30) mm, mostly appearing 2-ranked, flattened; abaxial surface glaucous
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short, stout, sharp prickle. Seeds ellipsoid; body ca. 6mm, gray to nearly black; wing 12–16mm. 2n =24. Habitat: Uplands, dry forests Elevation: 200–610m
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spreading upon drying), 3–12 × 1.7–10 mm. Phyllaries 10–35 in 3–5 series, midnerves usually ± swollen and translucent, sometimes plus 2–5 secondary nerves (striate
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Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 4: 16. 1848 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 224. Mentioned on page 222, 223, 225, 264, 294, 327, 430
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stamens 4–5 mm, those of shorter ones 2–3 mm; anthers cream, 0.3–0.4 × 0.2–0.3 mm; ovary 8–18 mm, subglabrous to strigillose; style white, 2.5–3.5mm, stigma
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trichomes, 0.07–0.5mm, (some rays branched, appearing 2–12-rayed, midvein obscure abaxially). Cauline leaves (2 or) 3–10 (–13); sessile; blade ovate to oblong
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or absent; sepals usually persistent (deciduous in Abelmoschus), 5, ± connate; petals 5, usually distinct, adnate to staminal column and connate to each
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A new classification of the tribe Cichorieae, family Compositae. Madroño 12: 33–64. Tomb, A. S. 1974. Chromosome numbers and generic relationships in
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described species from Peru). Likewise, flowers vary in size from less than 1 mm and barely visible to the naked eye (Platystele Garay), to 15–20 cm diameter
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hypogynous; hypanthium absent; sepals 0 or 2–12, distinct or connate basally to most of length; petals 0 or (3–) 5 (–6), distinct or connate; nectary present
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Sida ulmifolia, Sida urens Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 683. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 306. 1754. Paul A. Fryxell†, Steven R. Hill Common names: Fanpetals wireweed
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(Brassicaceae) III: Additional sexual diploids and apomictic hybrids. Harvard Pap. Bot. 12: 235–257. Boechera acutina, Boechera arcuata, Boechera atrorubens, Boechera
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oblanceolate to cuneate, mostly 5–15 mm, usually lobed or toothed distally, heads disciform, involucres hemispheric or broader (2–3+ mm diam.), phyllaries in 2–4
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Seeds 1; testa thin, free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant. x = 5–ca. 100. Worldwide Genera ca. 100, species ca. 5000 (27 genera, 843 species
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fruit, 3-5 (-6), green or sometimes purple, yellow, or white, plane (base saccate in R. ficaria), oblong to elliptic, ovate, or lanceolate, 1-15 mm; petals
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 50. Mentioned on page 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 49. Herbs or shrubs, sometimes vines
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Mimulus in the broad sense. The species of Erythranthe have been divided into 12 sections (W. R. Barker et al. 2012), closely corresponding to the cladistic
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 82. Mentioned on page 5, 6, 8, 12, 95, 172, 176, 195. Annuals or perennials (sometimes coarse and/or robust
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compressed; auricles absent; ligules membranous, truncate to acuminate; blades 0.4-12 mm wide, flat, folded, or involute, adaxial surfaces with a groove on each side
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epigynous, 8–25 mm diam.; hypanthium ± obconic, constricted at disc except for opening, 2–6 mm wide; sepals 5, spreading, triangular; petals 5, white, sometimes
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exserted, flattened distally, 0.2–0.8 (–1.1) mm diam., tip straight to recurved, distal 5–60 (–90) % hairy, hairs to 3 mm, sometimes glabrous; style glabrous.
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Calyculi 0 or of 1–15+ bractlets. Phyllaries persistent or falling, usually in 3–5+ series, usually distinct (sometimes connate and forming hardened perigynia
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flowers with 3–5-parted calyx, ebracteate; stamens 3–5. Pistillate flowers lacking perianth, pistil naked, or in few species with (1–) 3–5-lobed perianth
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veins), 5–15 mm, blade 2–6 × 1–1.5 mm, not crisped, claw narrowly oblanceolate or oblong, 3–9 × 1–1.5 mm; filaments tetradynamous, median pairs 3–6 mm, lateral
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or (distally) linear-lanceolate to ovate or cordate, 2–12 cm, (segments 0.4–2.7 cm × 0.5–1.5mm), base not auriculate proximally, amplexicaul distally,
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1-locular or 3–5-locular; styles 3 or 5, occasionally 4 (absent in staminate flowers), filiform, 1.5–20 mm, glabrous proximally; stigmas 3 or 5, occasionally
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broadly ovate to suborbiculate, 1–8 (–12) cm, length 1.6–2 times width, coriaceous to thin, lobes 0 or 1–4 or 5 (–9), sinuses usually shallow, sometimes
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