by persistent primary leaves or leaf-bases; longest internodes less than 1cm; buds conspicuous. Roots fibrous to woody, unspecialized. Leaves (needles)
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in FNA Volume 2. Roots usually 10 or less, blackish, 1–4 mm diam. 1cm from base. Plants over 12 cm. Common stalk lacking idioblasts. Trophophore erect,
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spreading-ascending; twigs stout (to 2cm thick), orangebrown, aging darker orangebrown, rough. Buds ovoid, to 2cm, fully 1cm broad, redbrown, very resinous;
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ovoid, dark redbrown, to 1.2cm, slightly resinous. Leaves 2 per fascicle, spreading or ascending, persisting 3–8 years, 2–8cm × 0.7–2 (–3) mm, twisted
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olive-brown, ovoid to ellipsoid, somewhat flattened, smooth. x =8. North America, Europe, Asia Species 8 (1 in the flora). The seven Asian species are sometimes segregated
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appears in FNA Volume 2. Roots 20–30, yellow to brown, 0.6–1 mm diam. 1cm from base. Plants over 6 cm. Common stalk with tracheidal idioblasts. Trophophore
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cylindric, redbrown, 0.6–0.9cm, resinous. Leaves 2 (–3) per fascicle, spreading or ascending, persisting 3 years, 3–6 (–8) cm × 1–1.5mm, twisted, deep yellow-green
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conic-ovoid, redbrown, 0.6–1.1cm, resinous. Leaves 2 per fascicle, spreading to ascending-upcurved, persisting 2–4 years, 4–6 (–8) cm × 2mm, strongly twisted
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Arctotideae (Compositae). Aliso 6(2): 1–23. Carlquist, S. 1976. Tribal interrelationships and phylogeny of the Asteraceae. Aliso 8: 465–492. Cronquist, A. 1955
275 KB (5,940 words) - 15:30, 15 December 2020
perennial, stout-rhizomatous. Stems 1-4, 5-35 cm at anthesis (10-40 cm at fruiting time). Leaves: basal leaves scalelike, 1cm, sessile; proximal cauline leaves
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ovoid-acuminate, pale redbrown, ca. 1cm, resinous. Leaves 5 per fascicle, upcurved, persisting 10–17 years, (2–) 3–4cm × 0.8–1mm, mostly connivent, deep blue-green
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light-redbrown, 0.5–0.7cm, resinous; scale margins fringed. Leaves 1 (–2) per fascicle, ascending, persisting 4–6 (–10) years, 2–6cm × 1.3–2 (–2.5) mm, curved
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0.5–1cm, slightly resinous; scale margins finely fringed. Leaves 2 per fascicle, spreading to ascending, persisting 2–3 years, 4–8 (–10) cm × 0.7–1.2mm
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0.6–1cm, resinous or not resinous; scale margins white-fringed. Leaves 2 per fascicle, spreading or ascending, persisting 3–4 years, 2–8cm × 1–1.5mm,
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lanceoloid before opening, ovoid-cylindric when open, 8–15cm, yellow or pale redbrown, stalks to 1cm; apophyses toward outside base increasingly elongate
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ovoid-cylindric, dark-brown, 1–2.5cm, resinous. Leaves 2 per fascicle, spreading to upcurved, persisting 2–3 years, 8–15cm × (1.2–) 1.5 (–2) mm, slightly twisted
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blades oblanceolate to obovate, 0.4–1cm × 2–7 mm, margins entire or repand, (ciliate), apex obtuse, surfaces sparsely pubescent, trichomes simple and forked
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not resinous, margins crenate to dentate, apex sharp-pointed. Leaves 1.8–3.1cm × 1.5–2mm, spiraled, turned upward, flexible; cross-section flat, prominently
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Buds ovoid-acuminate, redbrown, 0.8–1cm, resinous. Leaves 5 per fascicle, upcurved, persisting 10–30 years, 1.5–4cm × 1–1.4mm, mostly connivent, deep blue
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for this very complicated genus. Hastings authored the accounts for species 1–8, 10, 11, 13–16, 18, and 20–24, Greven those for species 10, 13, 18, 20, 25–43
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ovoid-acuminate, pale redbrown, ca. 1cm, resinous. Leaves mostly 5 per fascicle, upcurved, persisting 10–30 years, 1.5–3.5cm × 0.8–1.2mm, mostly connivent, deep
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florets; lemmas 1-3-veined or 7-13-veined, rarely 5-veined, if with 7-13 veins, the veins often in 3 groups; lodicules 2, or absent, x = 7, 8, 9, 10, 12. Most
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semileaflike or leaflike. Peduncles absent or erect, usually stout. Involucres 1–8 or more per cluster, narrowly turbinate to campanulate; teeth (3–) 5–6 (–10)
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branches usually without obvious bracts. Spikelets with (0-1) 2 (3-6) glumes (empty bracts) subtending 1-60 florets, glumes and florets distichously attached
35 KB (1,876 words) - 02:36, 30 July 2020
before opening, ovoid-conic when open, 4–6 (–7) cm, redbrown, aging gray, nearly sessile or on stalks to 1cm, scales lacking contrasting dark border on adaxial
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A comparison of cladistic, phenetic and cytological approaches. Syst. Bot. 8: 71–84. Kapoor, B. M. and J. R. Beaudry. 1966. Studies on Solidago. VII. The
79 KB (1,886 words) - 20:55, 29 July 2020
Annuals, biennials, or perennials [subshrubs, shrubs, trees], (0.5–) 2–90 (–100) cm (taprooted, fibrous-rooted, or rhizomatous and fibrous-rooted, sometimes with
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compound, 1-locular; placentas parietal, 3–14 [–20+]; style 1; nectary usually forming chamber around base of style; stigma lobes 3–14 [–20+], 1 per placenta
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rarely leaflike. Spikelets 1-flowered; scales 0–1. Flowers unisexual; staminate flowers without scales; pistillate flowers with 1 scale with fused margins
80 KB (3,349 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
Kobresia; perianth absent or with (1–) 3–6 (–30) bristles and/or scales, usually falling off with fruit; stamens usually (1–) 3, rarely more, usually distinct;
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light-redbrown, 0.8–1cm; scale margins entire. Leaves 5 per fascicle, mostly ascending and upcurved, persisting 5–8 years, 3–7cm × 1–1.5 (–2) mm, mostly
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ovoid-cylindric, redbrown, ca. 1.5cm, resinous. Leaves (2–) 3 in a fascicle, spreading-ascending, persisting 3–4 years, (8–) 9–15 (–20) cm × 1.3–1.8 (–2) mm, straight
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reflexed prickle. Seeds ellipsoid-obovoid; body ca. 1cm, brown or gray-brown, mottled darker; wing to 2.5cm. 2n =24. Habitat: High, dry montane forests mostly
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to style, forming column; pollen-grains in monads or tetrads, usually in 2–8 pollinia, sometimes subdivided into small packets, rarely granular, sometimes
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emarginate to 2-fid, rarely pinnatifid [fimbriate or filiform]; stamens (2 or 4) 6 [8–24], in 2 whorls, usually tetradynamous (lateral outer pair shorter than median
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often glandular; blade ± ovate to narrowly elliptic or obovate, (1.2–) 2–8 (–12) cm, wider leaves shallowly to deeply incised (rarely pinnately compound)
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dorsal wall, indehiscent or partially dehiscent apically. Seeds 1 per mericarp, glabrous. x = 7, 8. North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South
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broadly lanceolate, glabrous, lobed; functional anthers (1-2) 3, 0.1-5 mm; ovaries glabrous. Caryopses 1-4 mm, ellipsoidal, often shallowly ventrally grooved
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suborbiculate, 1–8 (–12) cm, length 1.6–2 times width, coriaceous to thin, lobes 0 or 1–4 or 5 (–9), sinuses usually shallow, sometimes deep, veins 1–8 (–10) per
28 KB (995 words) - 14:38, 30 July 2020
Pooideae based on chloroplast ndh¥ gene sequences. Molec. Phylogenet. Evol. 8:150-166 Catalan, P., P. Torrecilla, J.A. Lopez Rodriguez, and R.G. Olmsted
45 KB (1,179 words) - 03:07, 30 July 2020
divided leaf blades mostly 3–8+ cm and radiate heads with yellow corollas (laminae mostly 15–25+ mm) borne on peduncles mostly 3–15+ cm are cultivated in warm
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monadelphous, in more than 1 concentric series in Sidalcea, staminal column sometimes toothed at apex, stamens 5–many, filaments connate; anthers 1-thecate; staminodes
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page 64. Mentioned on page 6, 7, 8, 43, 135. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (3–) 10–200 (–400+) [2500+] cm. Leaves usually cauline, sometimes
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caudex woody or fleshy, taprooted to fibrous-rooted or rhizomatous. Stems 1–200, strongly decumbent to erect, sometimes prostrate or sprawling, frequently
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borne singly. Calyculi usually of 1–8+ bractlets (bractlets often intergrading with distal peduncular bracts, mostly 1/5–1/2+ times phyllaries), sometimes
30 KB (1,295 words) - 21:10, 29 July 2020
nectaries, ovules usually several or many per locule; styles 1 or 3 (–4); stigmas several and distinct or 1 and capitate. Fruits capsular and loculicidal or septicidal
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Receptacles flat to slightly convex, pitted, epaleate. Ray-florets (8–) 12–35 (–75+); usually in 1 series, in 2–5 series, rarely in 4–5+ series in S. frondosum
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(May) June to fall, usually partially or totally cleistogamous. Spikelets 0.8-5.2 mm, not subtended by bristles, dorsally compressed, surfaces unequally
26 KB (1,343 words) - 04:00, 30 July 2020
Gordon C. Tucker Common names: Heath Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 370. Mentioned on page 364, 367, 371, 372, 377, 479, 489
33 KB (1,383 words) - 13:10, 30 July 2020
Meldinger, and J. Pojar. 2002. Illustrated Flora of British Columbia, vol. 8. British Columbia Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management and British Columbia
42 KB (1,621 words) - 04:38, 30 July 2020